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BS 1a - Neurology & Neuroscience > Cells Of The Nervous System And Neuromuscular Junction > Flashcards

Cells Of The Nervous System And Neuromuscular Junction Flashcards

1
Q

What is a unipolar neuron?

A

1 atonal projection

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2
Q

What is a pseudo-unipolar neuron?

A

Single atonal projection that divides into two

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3
Q

What is a bipolar neuron?

A

2 projections from cell body —> axon and dendrite

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4
Q

What is a multipolar neurone?

A

Numerous projections does cell body —> 1 axon and rest are dendrites

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5
Q

What are the key features of the soma?

A

Contains nucleus and ribosomes

Contains neurofilaments —> structure and support

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6
Q

Features of the axon?

A

Long process —> originates from soma at axon hillock

Can branch of into collaterals

Usually covered in myelin

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7
Q

Key features of dendrites?

A

Highly branched cell body

Not covered in myelin

Receives signal from other neurons

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8
Q

What are neurons?

A

Excitable cells of the CNS

Responsible for electrical transmission

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9
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

Glial cell —> produces myelin

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10
Q

What is an astrocyte?

A

Most abundant cell type in CNS

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11
Q

What is a microglia?

A

Neuronal macrophages

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12
Q

What is an ependyma?

A

Epithelial cells lining the ventricles

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13
Q

In neuronal what is the charge like inside compared to outside?

A

Negative inside compared to outside

RMP between -40 - -90mV

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14
Q

What creates a potential difference across the membrane?

A

Difference in concentration

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15
Q

What happens in an AP?

A
  1. VGSC open —> Na+ influx —> further depolarisation
  2. VGKCs open at slower rate —> effluent of K+ from cell —> membrane repolarisation
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16
Q

How does the Na+K+ATPase pump restore the ion gradient?

A
  1. Resting config —> Na+ enters vestibule —> phosphorylation —> ions transported through protein
  2. Active config —> Na+ removed from cell —> K+ enters the vestibule
  3. Pump returns to resting config —> K+ transported back into the cell
17
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

Myelin prevents AP spreading because it has high resistance and low capacitance

AP ‘jumps’ between nodes

18
Q

What are nodes of ranveir?

A

Small gaps do myelin intermittently along axon

19
Q

What happens at the synapse?

A

AP opens VGCCs at presymaptic terminal

Ca2+ influx —> vesicle exocytosis

NT binds to receptors on the post-synaptic membrane

Receptors modulate post-synaptic activity

NT dissociates from receptor

20
Q

What happens to the NT once it dissociates from the receptor?

A

Metabolised by enzymes in the synaptic cleft

Recycled by transport proteins

21
Q

What is an axodendritic synapse?

A

Connection between presynaptic terminal and neuronal dendrite

22
Q

What is an axosomatic synapse?

A

Connection between presynaptic terminal and neuronal soma

23
Q

What is an axoaxonic synapse?

A

Connection between presynaptic terminal and neuronal axon

24
Q

What happens at a neuromuscular junction?

A

AP propagated along axon —> Ca+ entry at presynaptic terminal

ACh release into synapse

ACh binds to nicotinic ACh receptors on skeletal muscle —> chnage in end-plate potential

25
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

Skeletal muscle membrane

26
Q

What are T-tubules?

A

Continuous with sarcolemma and closely connected to sarcophagi control reticulum

AP travels through T-tubules

27
Q

What is the location, function and effect of sarcophagi code reticulum?

A

Location —> surrounds myofibrils (contractile units of muscle)

Effect —> Ca2+ storage —> Ca2+ release following sarcolemma depolarisation

Effect —> Ca2+ —> myofibril contraction and muscle contraction

28
Q

What is botulism?

A

Botulism toxin irreversibly disrupts stimulation-induced ACh release from presynaptic nerve terminal

29
Q

What is Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?

A

Autoimmune disorder —> antibodies directed against ACh receptor

Cause fatigable weakness

30
Q

What is Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)?

A

Auto immune disorder —> antibodies directed against VGCC

BS 1a - Neurology & Neuroscience (4 decks)

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