Cells of the Nervous System Flashcards
What is the primary cell type responsible for transmitting signals in the nervous system?
Neurons
True or False: Glial cells are primarily responsible for signal transmission in the nervous system.
False
Fill in the blank: The three main parts of a neuron are the cell body, ________, and axon.
dendrites
What is the function of myelin sheaths?
To insulate axons and increase the speed of signal transmission.
Which type of glial cell is responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system?
Oligodendrocytes
What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system?
Neurons and glial cells
True or False: Astrocytes play a role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier.
True
What is the role of microglia in the nervous system?
To act as immune cells and remove debris.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of glial cell? A) Astrocyte B) Neuron C) Microglia D) Oligodendrocyte
B) Neuron
What is the name of the junction where two neurons communicate?
Synapse
Fill in the blank: The electrical signal that travels along a neuron is called an ________.
action potential
What neurotransmitter is commonly associated with the reward system in the brain?
Dopamine
True or False: Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system.
True
What is the primary role of sensory neurons?
To transmit sensory information to the central nervous system.
Multiple Choice: Which type of neuron carries signals away from the central nervous system? A) Sensory B) Motor C) Interneuron D) All of the above
B) Motor
Fill in the blank: Neurons communicate through the release of chemical messengers called ________.
neurotransmitters
What is the main function of interneurons?
To connect sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system.
True or False: The nervous system can regenerate damaged neurons.
False
What structure on a neuron receives incoming signals?
Dendrites
Multiple Choice: Which glial cell type is involved in the formation of the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system? A) Astrocytes B) Oligodendrocytes C) Schwann cells D) Microglia
C) Schwann cells
What is the resting potential of a neuron?
Approximately -70 mV
Fill in the blank: The rapid depolarization of a neuron’s membrane during an action potential is caused by the influx of ________ ions.
sodium
What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?
To maintain the resting membrane potential by moving sodium out and potassium into the cell.
True or False: All neurons have the same structure and function.
False
What is the term for the space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another?
Synaptic cleft
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells? A) Support B) Insulation C) Signal transmission D) Immune response
C) Signal transmission
