Cells of the Nervous System

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

The basic unit of the nervous system; transmits electrical signals.

Question 2

Dendrites

Answer 2

Receives information from other neurons.

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

Single long cell process extending from the neuron cell body.

Question 4

Axon Hillock

Answer 4

The area where the axon leaves the neuron cell body.

Question 5

Multipolar Neurons

Answer 5

Have many dendrites and a single axon.

Question 6

Bipolar Neurons

Answer 6

Have one dendrite and one axon.

Question 7

Pseudo-unipolar Neurons

Answer 7

Have a single axon.

Question 8

Glial Cells

Answer 8

Also called neuroglia; support cells in the Nervous System.

Question 9

Astrocytes

Answer 9

Major supporting cells in the CNS.

Question 10

Ependymal Cells

Answer 10

Line the fluid-filled cavities within the CNS.

Question 11

Microglia

Answer 11

Immune cells of the CNS.

Question 12

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 12

Produces myelin in the CNS.

Question 13

Schwann Cell

Answer 13

Produces myelin in the PNS.

Question 14

Satellite Cells

Answer 14

Provides support and nutrition to the neurons.

Question 15

Myelin Sheath

Answer 15

Insulating layer around axons that speeds up signal transmission.

Question 16

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 16

Gaps in the myelin sheath.

Question 17

Synapse

Answer 17

The junction where communication occurs between neurons.

Question 18

Neurotransmitter

Answer 18

Chemical messengers used by neurons to communicate.

Question 19

Gray Matter

Answer 19

Consist of groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites.

Question 20

White Matter

Answer 20

Consist of bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths.

Question 21

Cortex

Answer 21

Gray matter on the surface of the brain.

Question 22

Nuclei

Answer 22

Clusters of gray matter located deeper within the brain.

Question 23

Ganglion

Answer 23

A cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS.