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infection and immunity > cells of the innate immune system > Flashcards

cells of the innate immune system Flashcards

1
Q

what is usually the fist cell to arrive at the site of infection?

A

neutrophil

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2
Q

what are neutrophils?

A

most abundant circulating white blood cell

large, granular cells with multi lobed nuclei

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3
Q

what is the major function of neutrophils?

A

to phagocytose microbes

release granules containing antimicrobial substances

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4
Q

what do monocytes mature into?

A

macrophages

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5
Q

when do monocytes mature?

A

when they enter inflamed or infected tissue

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6
Q

how are subsets of monocytes distinguished?

A

by cell surface markers

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7
Q

what is the main subset of monocytes in humans and what cell surface markers do they posses?

A

classical / inflammatory

CD14

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8
Q

what are non classical monocytes thought to aid in? what cell surface markers do they express?

A

tissue repair

CD16 and CX3CR1

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9
Q

what do macrophages release and what is the purpose?

A

cytokines which recruit other immune cells

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10
Q

what is the function of macrophages?

A

highly phagocytic
can present antigens
activate T and B cells

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11
Q

what is the function of resident macrophages?

A

surveillance duties

can have organ specific functions

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12
Q

what are dendritic cells?

A

phagocytic cells that activate lymphocytes

the bridge between innate and adaptive immune systems

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13
Q

when are dendritic cells immature and when do they mature?

A

immature when in tissues

mature as they migrate to the lymph nodes

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14
Q

what function are dendritic cells highly specialised to perform?

A

antigen presentation to T and B cells

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15
Q

what is the function of eosinophils?

A

surround very large pathogens and cause damage by secreting extracellular granules

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16
Q

what is the function of basophils?

A

secrete extracellular granules
promotion of allergic responses
augmentation of anti parasitic immunity

17
Q

what is the function of mast cells?

A

release granules containing histamine and active agents

have a pro inflammatory effect to prevent parasites on mucosal surfaces

18
Q

what is the function of natural killer cells?

A

kill infected host cells

important for anti-viral and anti-cancer immunity

19
Q

what do natural killer cells secrete and what transcription factor do they express?

A

secrete IFN gamma

express T-bet

20
Q

what do type two innate lymphoid cells secrete and what transcription factor do they express?

A

secrete IL-5 / 13

express GATA-3

21
Q

what is the function of type 2 innate lymphoid cells?

A

protect against parasitic worms

roles described in asthma and immunity to pulmonary pathogens

22
Q

what do type 3 innate lymphoid cells secrete and what transcription factor do they express?

A

secrete IL17 / 22

express ROR gamma T

23
Q

what are lymphoid-tissue inducer cells needed for? and which type of ILC are they a part of?

A

development of lymph nodes during embryogenesis

type 3 ILC

infection and immunity (12 decks)

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