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Immunology 1 > Cells of Immune system > Flashcards

Cells of Immune system Flashcards

1
Q

Immune cells?

A

Cells which gives immunity

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2
Q

Property of IMMUNE CELLS?

A
  1. Ag Recognition
  2. Ag Neutralisation
  3. Ab Production
  4. Cytokine production
  5. Ab Bind
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3
Q

RBC & platelets doesn’t follow these properties:
1. Ag Recognition
2. Ag Neutralisation
3. Ab Production
4. Cytokine production
5. Ab Bind

True or False?

A

True

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4
Q

WBC has 2 types ____ & ____

A

Granulocytes &
Agranular

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5
Q

Granulocytes has 3 types____, ______ &_____

A

Neutrophil,
Basophil and
Eosinophil

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6
Q

Neutrophil, Basophil and Eosinophils are _______?

A

Polymorpho Nuclear Leukocytes. (PMNs)

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7
Q

Agranular has 4 types:

A

Monocytes,
B-Cell,
T-Cell &
NK Cell

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8
Q

Lymphocytes are

A

B-Cell,
T-Cell &
NK Cell

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9
Q

what is Lymphoid organ?

A

Lymphoid organs are specialized tissues that play crucial roles in the immune system by producing and housing lymphocytes, such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus.

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10
Q

WBCs cell produce by?

A

Bone marrow (Reddish, connective tissue)

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11
Q

WBCs cell get Mature at?

A

Thymus,
Spleen &
Lymph Nodes

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12
Q

Thymus present at?

A

above the heart

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13
Q

Spleen present at?

A

Below the heart

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14
Q

Lymph Nodes present at?

A

Distributed in whole body

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15
Q

WBC present in Blood circulation?

A

2-5%

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16
Q

WBC present in Lymph Nodes & Spleen

A

95%

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17
Q

Hematopoiesis?

A

Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation, primarily occurring in the bone marrow, where stem cells differentiate into various types of blood cells.

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18
Q

Hematopoietic Region in Fetus development in first trimester (0-3 months)

A

Yolksac

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19
Q

Hematopoiesis Region?

A

Bone Marrow

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20
Q

Hematopoietic Region in Fetus development in 3-4 months?

A

Liver

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21
Q

Hematopoietic Region in Fetus development in third trimester (6-9months)

A

Spleen + Bone marrow

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22
Q

Hematopoietic Region After Birth?

A

Only Bone marrow

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23
Q

No. of RBC cells per 100 ml

A

5.5 million

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24
Q

No. of WBC cells per 100 ml

A

5-12000

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25
Q

No. of Platelets per 100 ml

A

1.5-4 lakh

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26
Q

Life span of RBC cells?

A

120 Days

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27
Q

Life span of WBC cells?

A

7 Days

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28
Q

How to identify which cell is stem cell?

A

Unique protein is present, called as marker of the cell, Cluster of Differentiation.

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29
Q

Cluster of Differentiation (CD)?

A

Membrane bound protein/glycoprotein responsible for identification.

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30
Q

CDs On hematopoietic cells?

A

CD 34+
CD 38-
CD 59+

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31
Q

Potency of Morula?

A

totipotent

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32
Q

Stem cells properties

A

Undifferentiated

Self-renewal

Assymetric division

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33
Q

Potency of Blastocoel (Placenta + ICM)?

A

Pluripotent

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34
Q

ICM develop into

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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35
Q

Mesoderm develop into

A

Bone ———> Bone marrow—–> Hematopoietic stem cells

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36
Q

Potency of Hematopoietic stem cells?

A

Multipotent

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37
Q

Adult stem cells?

A

Skin epidermis
Hair Follicular
Stomach

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38
Q

Unipotent

A

Spermatocytes in Male

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39
Q

Induced Pluripotent Stem cells?

A

Those adult cels that can be induced into Pluripotent Stem cells, are called as Induced Pluripotent Stem cells.

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40
Q

what make a totipotent a totipotent, pluripotent to pluripotent and multipotent to a multipotent?

A

Genes

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41
Q

genes for Pluripotent?

A

Oct 4
Nanog
Sox 2
PSTAT 3
Myc

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42
Q

Properties of Neutrophil

A

Granulocytes,
Can be stained in both acidic and basic
Multilobe: 3-5 Lobes
upto 70%OF LEUKOCYTES
Main Phagocytic cells in blood
Primary and Secondary Granules (on basis of staining by diff. dye)

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43
Q

Name of the dye for Neutrophil which stain pink?

A

Hematoxyline

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44
Q

Granular content of neutrophil

A

Protein (creates pore)
Myelo-peroxidase (Reactive oxygen species)

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45
Q

Neutrophil has 2 receptors, those are?

A

IgG receptor

C3b Receptor

46
Q

Neutrophil bindsto Opsonin, those opsonin are ?

A

Ig and C3B

47
Q

Neutrophil can’t recognise Antigen.

Trues or False?

A

True

48
Q

Whatdoes Granules do, enters Pathogen enters the neutrophil?

A

Granules releases both Defensin and Myeloperoxidase.

49
Q

Why does neutrophil needs more amount of oxygen?

A

to produce myeloperoxidase, as it is Reactive Oxygen species.

50
Q

Respiratory burst?

A

During phagocytosis, neutrophil needs more amount of oxygen to produce myeloperoxidase, as it is Reactive Oxygen species (ROS).

51
Q

What else required for Phagocytosis?

A

Reactive Nitrogen species (RNS)

52
Q

What does Reactive Oxygen species do to pathogen?

A

It destroys the Pathogen’s GENOME.

53
Q

In what case, pathogen can still harm the host?

A

When any of DEFENSIN, MYELOPEROXIDASE Or RNS get inhibited.

54
Q

Virus infect on Intracellular Level?

True or False

A

True

55
Q

Which immune cell reach to the site of infection first?

A

Neutrophil

56
Q

At siteof infection which cell ill be damaged and what they will produce?

A

Endothelial

and it will produce IL-8

57
Q

IL-8 Binds with the?

A

Neutrophil

58
Q

IL-8 is ?

A

Chemokine

59
Q

How come, Neutrophil reach to the site of infection?

A

By chemotaxis, following IL-8 gradient

60
Q

Main component of pus?

A

Neutrophil

61
Q

Molecular marker of Neutrophil?

A

CD 66

62
Q

Properties of Basophil?

A

Get stained with Basic dye: Methylene blue
Part of innate immunity
Bilobed (one lobe is big and other one is small)
Least abundant (1% of leukocytes)

63
Q

Receptor present at Basophil?

A

IgE Receptor

64
Q

Basophil Plays role in?

A

Allergic and Hypersensitive response

65
Q

Granules of Basophil consist of ?

A

Heparin
Histamine

66
Q

Heparin is ?

A

Anticoagulent

67
Q

Properties of Histamine?

A

Increase Vascular permeability, bcz cell shrinks bcz of histamine

68
Q

what cause Edema?

A

Edema is basically swellingatthe site of infection.

It happensbcz Lots of RBC accumulate at the Site of infection

69
Q

Concentration of Basophil Rises during ______ infection?

A

Ectoparasitic (parasite on skin)

69
Q

LYMPHOCYTES?

A

B-CELL
T-CELL
NK CELL

70
Q

Molecular markerof basophil?

A

CD 164

70
Q

Eosinophil plays role in?

A

Allergic and hypersensitive response

70
Q

Concentration of Eosinophil Rises during ______ infection?

A

Endoparasitic

71
Q

Properties of Eosinophil?

A

Bilobed
Stained by Acidic dye- EOSIN
Part of innate immunity
present in 3-5 % of leukocytes
phagocytic in nature

71
Q

Receptors present at Eosinophils are?

A

IgE and IgG receptor

71
Q

Molecular marker of Eosinophil?

A

CD 44, CD 69

71
Q

Properties of B-Lymphocytes?

A

10%
Part of acquired immunity
mIgM is present
mIgD is present

72
Q

Naive B-cell

A

B-cell which has not recognise any Antigen yet.

72
Q

Multiple mIgM and mIgD can be found on B-cell.

True or False?

A

True

72
Q

no. of mIgM is more than mIgD.

True or False?

A

true

72
Q

Single B-Cell has single Ag Specificity.

True or False?

A

True

72
Q

What is BCR?

A

Membranous IgM

72
Q

B in B-cells standsfor?

A

Bursa of Fabricus (from bird)

72
Q

How B-cell recognise Antigens?

A

mIgM and mIgD have CDRs which helps in recognition of Antigen.

72
Q

IgM should be present for B-cell to be functional.

True or False?

A

TRUE

72
Q

B-cell get produced and matured in?

A

Bone marrow

72
Q

Presence or Absence of IgD make an impact over B-Cell function.

True orFalse?

A

False.

It has no impact

72
Q

cytosolicdomain of mIgM is very short it has only _ a.a

A

3

73
Q

what use of Ig alpha and Ig Beta

A

short cytosolic tail of mIgM cant provide signal by itself

73
Q

which marker is required to activate the B-cell?

A

CD 40

73
Q

Ig folds consists of

A

antiparallel beta pleated sheets

74
Q

when nature of antigen is Carbohydrate or lipid?

A

Ag directly binds to the BCR of B-cell

75
Q

Plasma cells form?

A

IgM always

75
Q

what happens when Ag directly binds to the BCR of B-cell

A

B0cellk proliferate and form daughter cells also k/a Plasma B-cells

75
Q

CDRs of mIgM and IgM (produced from B-Cell) will be same?

A

Yes

76
Q

Life span of Plasma cells?

A

14 days

77
Q

For Carb. and lipid Ag needs T-cell?

A

No

78
Q

For protein Antigen, B-cell needs

A

T-cell

78
Q

endosomal-lysosomal processivity is ?

A

pH dependent process

79
Q

what happens when protein Ag binds with B-cell.

A

Ag get internalised by endocytosis

ag will be break down by endosomal-lysosomal processivity

Processed ag will be expressed by MHC II

MHC II having Processed Ag will be recognised with T-cell

T-cell will release Cytokines IL-4 and IL-6

IL-4 and IL-6 will activate the B-cell

Activated B-cell proliferatyes and form daughter cell. One will be PLASMA B-CELL and the other will be MEMORY CELL

PLAMSA B-cell will produce IgM first 8-10 days, then produce IgG by class switching

there will be no receptor on Plasma B-cell

80
Q

Molecular Marker of Plasma B-cells?

A

CD 38,78,138

81
Q

Plasma B-cells secrete?

A

IgM (pentamer)

82
Q

Class switching when Ag enters through GIT and RT

A

IgM to IgA

83
Q

The membranous and free form of Ig produce by the B-cell is due to?

A

ALTERNATE RNA SPLICING

84
Q

Class switching when Ag enters through Blood

A

IgM to IgG

85
Q

Class switching when Ag enters as a Allergen

A

IgM to IgE

85
Q

Properties of Memory B-cells?

A

It has mIgM/G/A/E. (but never D)

Needs activation

Once they are active. they continue to be active

During secondary response

86
Q

Memory B-cells can produce?

A

IgM, A, G, E

87
Q

Life span of Memory B-cells?

A

15 years

88
Q

Memory B-cells circulate in ?

A

Blood and Lymph

89
Q

Memory B-cells circulate but mainly present at ?

A

Lymph nodes

Immunology 1 (3 decks)

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