Cells & Microscopy - MICROSCOPY Flashcards
Name 3 main types of microscopes
- Light microscope
- Electron microscope
- Confocal laser scanning microscope ( CLSM )
Name 2 types of electron microscope
- Transmission electron microscope ( TEM )
2. Scanning electron microscope ( SEM )
Definition of light microscope
Uses visible light to illuminate a thin section of a specimen
Definition of electron microscope
Uses a beam of electrons to visualise a specimen
Definition of of CLSM ( confocal laser scanning microscope )
Uses lasers to produce an optical section which is used to produce a 3D image
What is the max. magnification of a light microscope
2000x
What is a light microscope used for looking at ( 2 things )
- Cells and tissues
- Some living things eg. a single cell layer
What is the max. magnification of a TEM ( transmission electron)
5 000 000x
What is a TEM used for looking at ( 4 things )
- very thin cross section of an object ( such as a cell )
- internal structure of objects
- objects at very high resolution
- relationships between structures at high resolution
What is the max. magnification of a SEM ( scanning electron )
500 000x
What is a SEM used for looking at ( 2 things )
- surface of objects at high resolution
- objects in 3D
Definition of magnification
Number of times larger an object appears compared to the real specimen
Definition of resolution
Ability to distinguish 2 distinct objects separately and to see detail
What does resolution depend on
Wavelength of radiation used
What is the wavelength of visible light
400-700 nm
What is the max. magnification of a CLSM ( confocal laser scanning )
2000x
What is a CLSM used for looking at ( 4 things )
- thin slices in a sample while keeping sample intact
- specific parts of a cell ( eg. Individual proteins) by labelling them with fluorescence
- living cells
- ( highlighted individual components of a cell )
What does cell theory state ( 3 things )
- All living things consist of 1 or more cells
- cells are the basic structural and physiological units of all living organisms
- cells come from pre-existing cells
Place the following in order of largest to smallest:
Plant cell Chloroplast Animal cell Mitochondria Nucleus DNA RNA Cell surface membrane Ribosome Virus Bactria
- Plant cell
- Animal cell
- Nucleus
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondria / Bacteria
- Virus
- Ribosome
- Cell surface membrane
- DNA
- RNA
Name 3 main types of blood cells
- Erythrocytes ( red blood cell )
- Thrombocytes ( platelets )
- Leukocytes ( white blood cell)
Name 3 main types of Leucocytes ( white blood cells )
- Neutrophil
- Lymphocytes
- Monocyte ( = macrophages once moved into tissues )
Definition of erythrocytes
Red blood cells
Description of erythrocytes ( 4 things )
- biconcave discs = flexibility squeeze through capillaries
- large SA : volume ratio
- no nucleus
- naturally red in colour
Function of erythrocytes ( 2 things )
- carries oxygen TO respiring tissues around the body
- carries carbon dioxide FROM respiring tissues around the body