Cells, microscopy Flashcards
Cell Biology - Cell Structure and Division
1
Q
what are Cells?
A
what all living things are made of
1
Q
what are Eukaryotic cells?
A
they are complex and all animal and plant cells are eukaryotic
2
Q
what are Prokaryotic cells?
A
they are smaller and simpler, bacteria are prokaryotic
3
Q
what are in animal cells and what are they?
A
- nucleus (contains genetic material)
- cytoplasm (where most of the chemical reactions happen)
- cell membrane (controls what goes in and out of the cell)
- mitochondria (where most aerobic respiration happens)
- ribosomes (where proteins are made)
4
Q
what are in plant cells and what are they?
A
- cell wall (made of cellulose, supports and strengthens the cell)
- a permanent vacuole (contains cell sap and stores water)
- chloroplasts (where photosynthesis happens)
- nucleus
- mitochondria
- ribosome
- cell membrane
5
Q
what are in bacteria cells and what are they?
A
- cell wall
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- a single loop of DNA (bacteria doesn’t have a true nucleus)
- plasmids (small rings of extra DNA)
6
Q
what are microscopes?
A
they magnify things
7
Q
what are Light microscopes?
A
they let us see large subcellular structures (e.g nucleus)
8
Q
what are Electron microscopes?
A
they show things in more detail (they have a better resolution and magnification)
9
Q
what is magnification’s formula?
A
magnification = image size ÷ real size
10
Q
how do you use a Microscope?
A
- add a drop of water to the middle of a clean slide
- cut an onion and take off one layer
- use tweezers to peel some epidermal tissue (clear) from the bottom of the layer
- place the tissue into the water on the slide (with tweezers)
- add a drop of iodine solution
- put a cover slip on top (try not to get air bubbles under it)
11
Q
what are the parts of a light microscope?
A
- eyepiece
- coarse adjustment knob
- fine adjustment knob
- light
- stage
- high and low power objective lenses
