Cells + Microscopy Flashcards

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1
Q

B-lymphocyte

A

Specialised white blood cells produced and matured in bone marrow. Forms plasma cells that produce antibodies.

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2
Q

Cell surface membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer that forms membrane surrounding outside of a cell- sometimes known as plasma membrane.

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3
Q

Cellulose

A

Polysaccharide from condensation of B-glucose molecules to form fibrils. Used to form plant cell walls.

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4
Q

Cell wall

A

Freely permeable structure lying outside the cell surface membrane of plant, fungal and bacterial cells.

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5
Q

Centrioles

A

2 cylinders composed of microtubule’s which are involved in the process of mitosis and cell division (in eukaryotic cells).

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6
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Network of microtubule’s and microfilaments that give cells shape and maintains structure. They attach to organelles and move them within the cytosol.

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7
Q

Differential staining

A

Staining process using 1+ chemical stans to distinguish between different cellular components.

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8
Q

Electron microscope

A

Microscope using a beam of electrons to view magnified images of objects giving greater resolution than light microscopes. (2 types- scanning + transmission.)

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9
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Series of membranes forming system of tubes within cytoplasm, joining nuclear envelope and may have ribosomes attached (rough ER) or not (smooth ER).

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10
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell.

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11
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Cells with nucleus in nuclear envelope also contains membrane bound organelles.

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12
Q

Endocytosis

A

Inward transport of large quantities of molecules through cell surface membrane, including phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Requires energy input in form of ATP.

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13
Q

Exocytosis

A

Outward transport of large quantities of molecules through cell surface membrane. Requires energy in form of ATP.

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14
Q

Eyepiece graticule

A

Scale in the field of view- inserted into eyepiece.

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15
Q

Field of view [FOV]

A

Circular area visible down a light microscope.

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16
Q

Flagella

A

Whip-like structures, feature in the movement of eukaryotic+ prokaryotic cells, but structure of flagella differs in each type.

17
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Organelles used in modification of proteins and production of vesicles for storage of enzymes in cells (lysosomes) or exporting molecules from cells (exocytosis).

18
Q

Leucocyte

A

White blood cell: lymphocyte, monocyte, etc.

19
Q

Lysosome

A

Membrane-bound vesicles made by pinching off from golgi apparatus. Contains digestive enzymes.

20
Q

Magnification

A

No. of times larger image appears compared to actual size.

21
Q

Mesosome

A

Infolding of cell surface membrane of prokaryotic cells.

22
Q

Microtubule

A

Protein polymers that form mitotic spindle and are components of cytoskeleton.

23
Q

Monocyte

A

Large phagocytic white blood cell that destroys bacteria + other foreign material in bacterial cells.

24
Q

Neutrophil

A

Type of granulated phagocytic white blood cell.

25
Q

Objective lens

A

Lens on light microscope, closest to specimen.

26
Q

Organelle

A

Structurally distinct part of cell, specialised for a function.

27
Q

Phagocyte

A

Specialised white blood cell that destroys bacteria and other foreign material by phagocytosis- e.g. neutrophil/ macrophage.

28
Q

Pili

A

Hair-like structure on prokaryotic cells, used in exchange of genetic material in bacteria cells.

29
Q

Plasmid

A

Small circular piece of DNA in prokaryotic cells.

30
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Microscopic channels that transverse the cell wall of plant cells, enables transport and communication between them.

31
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Cell without true nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

32
Q

Resolution

A

Ability to distinguish 2 distinct points in detail.

33
Q

Ribosomes

A

Structures composed of RNA and proteins, free in cytoplasm or membrane bound. Site of protein synthesis.

34
Q

Stage micrometer

A

Microscope slide with finely divided scale on it.

35
Q

T lymphocyte

A

Specialised white blood cell produced in bone marrow and matures in thymus gland. Coordinates immune response and destroys infected cells.

36
Q

Thrombocyte

A

(Platelets) cell fragments for blood clotting.

37
Q

Vacuole

A

Fluid filled space in cytoplasm, surrounded by membrane (tonoplast).

38
Q

Vesicle

A

Membrane bound organelle compartment used to move substances around the cell.