Cells + Microscopy Flashcards
B-lymphocyte
Specialised white blood cells produced and matured in bone marrow. Forms plasma cells that produce antibodies.
Cell surface membrane
phospholipid bilayer that forms membrane surrounding outside of a cell- sometimes known as plasma membrane.
Cellulose
Polysaccharide from condensation of B-glucose molecules to form fibrils. Used to form plant cell walls.
Cell wall
Freely permeable structure lying outside the cell surface membrane of plant, fungal and bacterial cells.
Centrioles
2 cylinders composed of microtubule’s which are involved in the process of mitosis and cell division (in eukaryotic cells).
Cytoskeleton
Network of microtubule’s and microfilaments that give cells shape and maintains structure. They attach to organelles and move them within the cytosol.
Differential staining
Staining process using 1+ chemical stans to distinguish between different cellular components.
Electron microscope
Microscope using a beam of electrons to view magnified images of objects giving greater resolution than light microscopes. (2 types- scanning + transmission.)
Endoplasmic reticulum
Series of membranes forming system of tubes within cytoplasm, joining nuclear envelope and may have ribosomes attached (rough ER) or not (smooth ER).
Erythrocyte
Red blood cell.
Eukaryotic cells
Cells with nucleus in nuclear envelope also contains membrane bound organelles.
Endocytosis
Inward transport of large quantities of molecules through cell surface membrane, including phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Requires energy input in form of ATP.
Exocytosis
Outward transport of large quantities of molecules through cell surface membrane. Requires energy in form of ATP.
Eyepiece graticule
Scale in the field of view- inserted into eyepiece.
Field of view [FOV]
Circular area visible down a light microscope.
Flagella
Whip-like structures, feature in the movement of eukaryotic+ prokaryotic cells, but structure of flagella differs in each type.
Golgi apparatus
Organelles used in modification of proteins and production of vesicles for storage of enzymes in cells (lysosomes) or exporting molecules from cells (exocytosis).
Leucocyte
White blood cell: lymphocyte, monocyte, etc.
Lysosome
Membrane-bound vesicles made by pinching off from golgi apparatus. Contains digestive enzymes.
Magnification
No. of times larger image appears compared to actual size.
Mesosome
Infolding of cell surface membrane of prokaryotic cells.
Microtubule
Protein polymers that form mitotic spindle and are components of cytoskeleton.
Monocyte
Large phagocytic white blood cell that destroys bacteria + other foreign material in bacterial cells.
Neutrophil
Type of granulated phagocytic white blood cell.
