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Biology > Cells/Genetics Vocab/Terms > Flashcards

Cells/Genetics Vocab/Terms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cisternae

A

Folds of Golgi Apparatus

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2
Q

4 nitrogenous bases

A

Guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine

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3
Q

Second step of photosynthesis where ATP is used to create sugar in the stroma (Doesn’t need light).

A

Calvin Cycle

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4
Q

Secondary Cell Wall

A

Thickest layer of the cell wall

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5
Q

Connects RNA bases to DNA

A

RNA Polymerase

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6
Q

The cell performs a series of checks before undergoing mitosis

A

G2

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7
Q

Second step of making protein where the protein gets made in the ribosome

A

Translation

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8
Q

The crease across a cell before it splits

A

Cleavage

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9
Q

Exocytosis

A

Vesicles transporting material outside of a cell

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10
Q

Hypotonic

A

Concentration inside of the cell is lower than the outside of the cell

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11
Q

Unwinds DNA double helix structure

A

Helicase

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12
Q

Network of proteins and fibers that provide structural support to the nucleus

A

Nuclear Matrix

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13
Q

Aerobic process and the last step of respiration where Molecules’ proton and other molecules combine to make ATP in the mitochondria

A

Electron Transport Chain

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14
Q

Process of copying DNA to make new strands

A

DNA Replication

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15
Q

What ribosomes consist of

A

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

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16
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

Aerobic process and the last step of respiration where molecules’ proton and other molecules combine to make ATP in the mitochondria

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17
Q

Process where cells engulf outside materials to take in through the cell membrane

A

Endocytosis

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18
Q

Part of DNA that’s made up of repeating molecular unit

A

Polymer

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19
Q

Glycolysis

A

First stage of cellular respiration where glucose gets broken down in cytoplasm

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20
Q

DNA replication phase

A

S

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21
Q

Gene

A

Section of DNA on a chromosome that determines traits

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22
Q

Concentration inside of the cell is lower than the outside of the cell

A

Hypotonic

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23
Q

Input - Output of Respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen - CO2 + Water + Oxygen

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24
Q

First stage of cellular respiration where glucose gets broken down in cytoplasm

A

Glycolysis

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25
Q

Package of DNA

A

Chromosome

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26
Q

Thing that adds matching nucleotides to the unwinded leading DNA strand

A

DNA Polymerase

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27
Q

Section of DNA on a chromosome that determines traits

A

Gene

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28
Q

Substance inside of the nucleus

A

Nucleoplasm

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29
Q

Cleavage

A

The crease across a cell before it splits

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30
Q

One trait caused by many genes

A

Polygenic Trait

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31
Q

Primary Oocytes

A

Make egg cells

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32
Q

Number of pairs of autosomes

A

22

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33
Q

Cell Eating

A

Phagocytosis

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34
Q

One gene that determines many traits

A

Pleiotropic Gene

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35
Q

G2

A

The cell performs a series of checks before undergoing mitosis

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36
Q

Passive transport

A

Transport without energy, good for oxygen and water

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37
Q

Isotonic

A

Concentration is the same inside and outside of the cell

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38
Q

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

A

What ribosomes consist of

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39
Q

Osmosis

A

Water going where there is less water

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40
Q

Cells with more than 2 chromosome sets (Plants)

A

Polyploid

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41
Q

Process that needs oxygen

A

Aerobic Process

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42
Q

First step of making protein where the nucleus transcribes DNA to a message and sends it to the ribosomes

A

Transcription

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43
Q

Nuclear Matrix

A

Network of proteins and fibers that provide structural support to the nucleus

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44
Q

Cytosis

A

Transport with vesicles

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45
Q

Cell splitting in 2, cell movement

A

Cytokinesis

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46
Q

Glues other parts of cell wall together

A

Middle Lamella

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47
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical Trait

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48
Q

Carries instructions to ribosomes to make proteins, made out of RNA Polymerase and DNA

A

mRNA (Messenger RNA)

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49
Q

Process in which cells make ATP from glucose

A

Cellular Respiration

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50
Q

Nucleoli

A

Synthesizes rRNA

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51
Q

Phase where the cell conducts a series of checks before entering the S phase

A

G1

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52
Q

Vesicles transporting material outside of a cell

A

Exocytosis

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53
Q

First phase of photosynthesis where light energy is stored as ATP in the thylakoid membrane (Needs light).

A

Light Dependent Reactions

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54
Q

Crossover

A

When chromosomes tangle and their DNA gets exchanged

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55
Q

Concentration inside of the cell is higher than the outside of the cell

A

Hypertonic

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56
Q

Warburg Effect

A

When glycolysis occurs even when there’s enough oxygen

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57
Q

Aquaporins

A

Proteins that channel water

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58
Q

Nucleotides

A

Repeating molecular units

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59
Q

Exchanging pieces of genetic material

A

Recombination

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60
Q

Cellulose

A

Makes up plant cell walls

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61
Q

Number of pairs of sex chromosomes

A

1

62
Q

Diffusion

A

Particles going where there is less particles

63
Q

G1

A

Phase where the cell conducts a series of checks before entering the S phase

64
Q

Repeating molecular units

A

Nucleotides

65
Q

Interphase

A

The cell cycle phases before mitosis

66
Q

Makes up fungi cell walls

A

Chitin

67
Q

Polyploid

A

Cells with more than 2 chromosome sets (Plants)

68
Q

Channel Proteins

A

Allow passage of water and ions through the cell membrane without using energy

69
Q

Folds of Golgi Apparatus

A

Cisternae

70
Q

Pleiotropic Gene

A

One gene that determines many traits

71
Q

DNA Replication

A

Process of copying DNA to make new strands

72
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

Thing that adds matching nucleotides to the unwinded DNA strand

73
Q

Hypertonic

A

Concentration inside of the cell is higher than the outside of the cell

74
Q

Polymer

A

Part of DNA that’s made up of repeating molecular unit

75
Q

Haploid

A

One set of chromosomes

76
Q

The cycle that happens before and during when the cell replicates

A

Cell cycle

77
Q

When glycolysis occurs even when there’s enough oxygen

A

Warburg Effect

78
Q

Recombination

A

Exchanging pieces of genetic material

79
Q

Chitin

A

Makes up fungi cell walls

80
Q

RNA Polymerase

A

Connects RNA bases to DNA

81
Q

Mendelian Trait

A

One trait controlled by one gene

82
Q

Microtubules

A

Long trail of protein rope

83
Q

Polygenic Trait

A

One trait caused by many genes

84
Q

Diploid

A

2 sets of chromosomes from each parent

85
Q

Primary Spermatocytes

A

Make sperm cells

86
Q

Heredity

A

Passing on of genetic traits from parents to offspring

87
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Surrounds nucleus

88
Q

Non sex cells that are diploid

A

Somatic Cells

89
Q

This transport is useful moving things from a low concentration to a high concentration

A

Active transport

90
Q

Passing on of genetic traits from parents to offspring

A

Heredity

91
Q

Synthesizes rRNA

A

Nucleolus

92
Q

Gametes

A

Haploid Sex Cells

93
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cell splitting in 2, cell movement

94
Q

Water going where there is less water

A

Osmosis

95
Q

S

A

DNA replication phase

96
Q

Aerobic process where the mitochondria makes energized molecules for next phase of respiration

A

Krebs Cycle

97
Q

Aerobic Process

A

Process that needs oxygen

98
Q

Carries amino acids to make proteins

A

tRNA (Transfer RNA)

99
Q

Active Transport

A

Transport using energy/ATP

100
Q

One set of chromosomes

A

Haploid

101
Q

Somatic Cells

A

Non sex cells that are diploid

102
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Substance inside of the nucleus

103
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

Aerobic process where the mitochondria makes energized molecules for next phase of respiration, second phase

104
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cell Drinking

105
Q

What makes up DNA

A

Deoxyribose + Phosphate Group +Nitrogenous Base

106
Q

Proteins that channel water

A

Aquaporins

107
Q

Haploid Sex Cells

A

Gametes

108
Q

Middle Lamella

A

Glues other parts of cell wall together

109
Q

Endocytosis

A

Process where cells engulf outside materials to take in through the cell membrane

110
Q

Physical Trait

A

Phenotype

111
Q

Light Dependent Reactions

A

First phase of photosynthesis where light energy is stored as ATP in the thylakoid membrane (Needs light).

112
Q

mRNA (Messenger RNA)

A

Carries instructions to ribosomes to make proteins, made out of RNA Polymerase and DNA

113
Q

When chromosomes tangle and their DNA gets exchanged

A

Crossover

114
Q

Process that doesn’t require oxygen

A

Anaerobic Process

115
Q

These things allow passage of water and ions through the cell membrane without using energy

A

Channel Proteins

116
Q

Helicase

A

Unwinds DNA double helix structure

117
Q

Thickest layer of the cell wall

A

Secondary Cell Wall

118
Q

Concentration is the same inside and outside of the cell

A

Isotonic

119
Q

Transport with vesicles

A

Cytosis

120
Q

The cell cycle phases before mitosis

A

Interphase

121
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Process in which cells make ATP from glucose

122
Q

tRNA (Transfer RNA)

A

Carries amino acids to make proteins

123
Q

One trait controlled by one gene

A

Mendelian Trait

124
Q

RNA Primase

A

Adds matching nucleotides in the lagging strand in the beggining

125
Q

Part in nucleus that synthesizes RNA

A

Nucleolus

126
Q

M

A

Mitosis phase

127
Q

Cell cycle

A

The cycle that happens before and during when the cell replicates

128
Q

Chromatin

A

Loosely coiled, messy DNA

129
Q

Calvin Cycle

A

Second step of photosynthesis where ATP is used to create sugar in the stroma (Doesn’t need light).

130
Q

Particles going where there is less particles

A

Diffusion

131
Q

Mitosis Phase

A

M

132
Q

Translation

A

Second step of making protein where the protein gets made in the ribosome

133
Q

Long trail of protein rope

A

Microtubules

134
Q

Nucleolus

A

Part in nucleus that synthesizes RNA

135
Q

Chromosome

A

Package of DNA

136
Q

Motor Proteins

A

Proteins that have the ability to move things along the cytoplasm

137
Q

Stretchy, permeable, and thin layer of the cell wall

A

Primary Cell Wall

138
Q

Makes up plant cell walls

A

Cellulose

139
Q

Cell Drinking

A

Pinocytosis

140
Q

Transcription

A

First step of making protein where the nucleus transcribes DNA to a message and sends it to the ribosomes

141
Q

Anaerobic Process

A

Process that doesn’t require oxygen

142
Q

Loosely coiled, messy DNA

A

Chromatin

143
Q

Surrounds nucleus

A

Nuclear Envelope

144
Q

Primary Cell Wall

A

Stretchy, permeable, and thin layer of the cell wall

145
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell Eating

146
Q

Transport without energy, good for oxygen and water

A

Passive transport

147
Q

Income - Outcome (Photosynthesis)

A

Water and carbon dioxide - Oxygen

148
Q

2 sets of chromosomes from each parent

A

Diploid

149
Q

Transport using energy/ATP

A

Active Transport

150
Q

Make sperm cells

A

Primary Spermatocytes

151
Q

Make egg cells

A

Primary Oocytes

152
Q

Archaebacteria

A

Bacteria that live in extreme environments like hot springs and very salty water

Biology (23 decks)

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