Cells, Genetics, Homeostasis and Endocrine System

Question 1

What are the 2 forms of Cellular Division

Answer 1

Mitosis
Meiosis

Question 2

What is Mitosis

Answer 2

Mitosis is Cellular division for growth and replacement of damaged cells

After each Mitotic division, there are 2 daughter cells with 46 chromosomes

Question 3

What is Meiosis

Answer 3

Meiosis is Cellular division related to sexual reproduction

Each meiotic division results in 4 daughter cells (gametes), with 23 chromosomes each

Question 4

What is Homeostasis

Answer 4

“A state of relative constancy that helps ensure human health” (Chiras 2012)

Question 5

Give 5 Examples of Homeostasis

Answer 5

Fluid Balance
Breathing
Blood glucose levels
Blood pressure
Temperatures

Question 6

How can we assess a persons Cardiac systems

Answer 6

Blood Pressure
Pulse rate
Thickness of Blood

Question 7

How can assess a persons respiratory system

Answer 7

Lung Capacity
Oxygen Levels
Sounds (Wheezing)

Question 8

How can we assess a persons Urinary system

Answer 8

Urine Dip
Urine Output
Urine Colour

Question 9

How can assess a persons Digestive System

Answer 9

Stool Chart
Consistency

Question 10

How can we a persons Neurological Systems

Answer 10

Memory testing
Pupil responses

Question 11

What are the fundamental characteristics of Life

Answer 11

Responsiveness
Movement
Respiration
Digestion
Growth
Reproduction

Question 12

What are the Requirements of life

Answer 12

Water
Food
Oxygen
Heat
Pressure

Question 13

What is the Endocrine System

Answer 13

The endocrine system includes all the endocrine glands of the body and the hormones produced by those glands. They are controlled by stimulation from the nervous system as well as by chemical receptors in the blood and hormones produced by other glands. These regulate organs and maintain homeostasis.

Question 14

Explain hormones within the endocrine system

Answer 14

Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands. They secrete them directly into circulation. The hormones are then transported in the blood to their target cells and organs.

Question 15

What is the Hypothalamus

Answer 15

Contains cells which secrete releasing hormones
Located beneath the thalamus and above the pituitary gland
controls the pituitary gland

Question 16

What is the Thyroid gland

Answer 16

Produces 3 hormones
1. Calcitonin: C cells - reduces blood calcium level
2. Triiodothyronine (T3)
3. Tetraiodothyronine also called thyroxine (T4)

Question 17

What is the Parathyroid gland

Answer 17

Embedded in the posterior lobes of the thyroid gland
four glands: a superior and inferior pair
Secretes the hormone parathyroid (PTH)
Function is to maintain the blood concentration of calcium within normal levels
Acts on bones, kidneys and large intestine

Question 18

What is the pancreas

Answer 18

The pancreas regulates blood glucose levels
Consists of 2 secretory cells
Alpha cell - secrete glucagon to increase blood glucose level
Beta cells - secrete insulin to decrease blood glucose level

Question 19

What are the 3 types of hormones in the adrenal cortex

Answer 19

1. Aldosterone : Maintain electrolyte Balance
2. Cortisol : Stimulate by adreno cortico trophic hormone (ACTH) . Response to stress
3. Androgen : Sex hormone. Stimulates puberty

Question 20

Explain reproductive Hormones

Answer 20

Oestrogen, produced primarily in the ovary
Puberty: Onset of menstrual cycle
Development of Secondary Sexual Characteristic

Question 21

What is Progesterone

Answer 21

Produced by the ovary
Prepares the endometrium for implantation of the fertilized ovum

Question 22

Explain Testosterone

Answer 22

Testes
Male secondary characteristics