Cells, Genetics, Homeostasis and Endocrine System Flashcards
What are the 2 forms of Cellular Division
Mitosis
Meiosis
What is Mitosis
Mitosis is Cellular division for growth and replacement of damaged cells
After each Mitotic division, there are 2 daughter cells with 46 chromosomes
What is Meiosis
Meiosis is Cellular division related to sexual reproduction
Each meiotic division results in 4 daughter cells (gametes), with 23 chromosomes each
What is Homeostasis
“A state of relative constancy that helps ensure human health” (Chiras 2012)
Give 5 Examples of Homeostasis
Fluid Balance
Breathing
Blood glucose levels
Blood pressure
Temperatures
How can we assess a persons Cardiac systems
Blood Pressure
Pulse rate
Thickness of Blood
How can assess a persons respiratory system
Lung Capacity
Oxygen Levels
Sounds (Wheezing)
How can we assess a persons Urinary system
Urine Dip
Urine Output
Urine Colour
How can assess a persons Digestive System
Stool Chart
Consistency
How can we a persons Neurological Systems
Memory testing
Pupil responses
What are the fundamental characteristics of Life
Responsiveness
Movement
Respiration
Digestion
Growth
Reproduction
What are the Requirements of life
Water
Food
Oxygen
Heat
Pressure
What is the Endocrine System
The endocrine system includes all the endocrine glands of the body and the hormones produced by those glands. They are controlled by stimulation from the nervous system as well as by chemical receptors in the blood and hormones produced by other glands. These regulate organs and maintain homeostasis.
Explain hormones within the endocrine system
Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands. They secrete them directly into circulation. The hormones are then transported in the blood to their target cells and organs.
What is the Hypothalamus
Contains cells which secrete releasing hormones
Located beneath the thalamus and above the pituitary gland
controls the pituitary gland
What is the Thyroid gland
Produces 3 hormones
1. Calcitonin: C cells - reduces blood calcium level
2. Triiodothyronine (T3)
3. Tetraiodothyronine also called thyroxine (T4)
What is the Parathyroid gland
Embedded in the posterior lobes of the thyroid gland
four glands: a superior and inferior pair
Secretes the hormone parathyroid (PTH)
Function is to maintain the blood concentration of calcium within normal levels
Acts on bones, kidneys and large intestine
What is the pancreas
The pancreas regulates blood glucose levels
Consists of 2 secretory cells
Alpha cell - secrete glucagon to increase blood glucose level
Beta cells - secrete insulin to decrease blood glucose level
What are the 3 types of hormones in the adrenal cortex
- Aldosterone : Maintain electrolyte Balance
- Cortisol : Stimulate by adreno cortico trophic hormone (ACTH) . Response to stress
- Androgen : Sex hormone. Stimulates puberty
Explain reproductive Hormones
Oestrogen, produced primarily in the ovary
Puberty: Onset of menstrual cycle
Development of Secondary Sexual Characteristic
What is Progesterone
Produced by the ovary
Prepares the endometrium for implantation of the fertilized ovum
Explain Testosterone
Testes
Male secondary characteristics
