CELLS: characteristics of organelles

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

made of : thin layer of protein and fat

function : 1. partially permeable, lets things in and out
2. separates the contents of the cell from its surroundings
3. keeps shape

Question 2

cytoplasm

Answer 2

made of: 70% water and many substances dissolved in it.

function: metabolic reactions (the chemical reactions of LIFE) take place in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

vacuole

Answer 3

made of: solution of sugars and other substances called CELL SAP

function: 1. the vacuole when full presses against outwards on the rest of the cell, giving plant cells their shape.
2. storage and disposal of various substances

Question 4

cell wall

Answer 4

made of: cellulose (polysaccharide structure. –> cellulose fibers –> rigid cell wall)

function: 1. protects and supports the cell
2. keeps the cell from bursting after swelling from taking in water.

Question 5

nucleus

Answer 5

made of: the bulk of the nucleus consists of DNA, RNA, and proteins.

function: genetic information if kept in the nucleus in chromosomes, which are made from DNA

Question 6

chloroplasts

Answer 6

made of : contain starch grains and chlorophyll

function: the chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight, which is then used in making food for the plant by photosynthesis.

Question 7

mitochondria

Answer 7

made of: Mitochondria contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribosomes

function: where AEROBIC RESPIRATION happens (how energy is released from glucose).

the more energy a cell needs the more mitochondria is has. this is the relation between mitochondria, ribosomes, and proteins. ENERGY.

e.g. muscle cells, heart cells, brain cells,

Question 8

expansion of DNA

Answer 8

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 9

ribosomes

Answer 9

made up of: ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

function: the site of protein synthesis in a cell
The ribosome reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.

Question 10

RNA vs DNA

Answer 10

DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix, while RNA is usually single-stranded. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, whereas RNA contains ribose. Furthermore, DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, while RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine.