10 1.2 Classification System & Characteristics of Living Organisms Flashcards
Characteristics of organisms
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
Elaborate MOVEMENT
an action by an organism causing change in position or place
Elaborate RESPIRATION
The chemical reaction in cells to break down nutrient molecules to release energy
Elaborate SENSITIVITY
The ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment and simuli
Elaborate GROWTH
A permanent increase in size
Elaborate EXCRETION
The removal of excess materials and substances in excess requirements
Elaborate NUTRITION
The taking in of materials for energy, growth and development
What is a species
A group of organisms with similar internal and external features and structures that can interbreed and produce fully fertile offspring
Differentiate between BACTERIA and VIRUS
Bacteria:
-bacteria can survive on their own, be it inside or outside the body.
-Has a cell wall of peptidoglycan (murein)
VIRUS:
-viruses are obligate parasites and need the metabolic capabilities of a host to sustain their life cycle.
- no cell wall but a CAPSID
Define METABOLISM
The sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Reaction example: respiration and the breaking down of excess protein to make urea for excretion
Plant cells have..
- cell walls made of cellulose
- chlorophyll
- plasmodesmata
- plastids
- Large central vacuole
Animal cells have..
- no cell wall
- centrioles
- centrosomes
- lysosomes
Define prokaryotic
Prokaryotes are lacking a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. While a cell wall is present it is made up of murein. It is generally simpler than eukaryotes
E.g. bacteria and archaea
Define eukaryote
Eukaryotes have a nucleus, membrane bound organelles and in plants the cell walls are made up of cellulose.They are generally more complex.
Define PROTOCTIST
Protoctist are eukaryotic organisms different from plants, animals or fungi. They can have a unicellular (protist) or multicellular structure (protoctist). May or may not have cell wall or chloroplasts. Some feed by photosynthesis and others on organic substances.
E.g. Protozoa and algae
Define FUNGUS
Fungus are eukaryotic organisms different from plants and dividing cell walls are often absent, thus producing long thin hyphae which are multinucleate.
- non photosynthetic
- feeds saprophytically
E.g. yeast, mounds, mushrooms
Define plants
Eukaryotic organisms, meaning lacking a nucleus, and is multicellular
- have a cell wall made of cellulose
-Autotrophic (produces its own food using raw materials such as sunlight. Is primary on the food chain as it is a producer.)
- photosynthetic and has chlorophyll
Define animals
-Eukaryotic, meaning it’s cells have a nucleus, and are multicellular
-lacking cell walls
- heterotrophs, and thus secondary or tertiary on the food chain (meaning they feed on autotrophs or other organisms)
Differentiate between protist and bacteria
Protists are eukaryotic whereas bacteria are prokaryotic.
Define mitochondria
Mitochondria is a membrane bound organelle present in eukaryotes. Mitochondria are responsible for generating the chemical energy needed to power the cells biochemical reactions
Differentiate between PLANTS and FUNGI
Plants:
Photosynthetic
Autotrophic
Cell walls made of cellulose
Producers in the food chain
Fungi:
Feeds saprophytically
Heterotrophic
Cell walls of chitin
Decomposers in the food chain
