Cells (Chapter 1)

Question 1

WHAT ARE THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF A CELL?

Answer 1

1. Nucleus
2. Cell membrane
3. Cytoplasm

Question 2

WHAT IS A CELL MEMBRANE?

Answer 2

1. It is the outermost layer of an animal cell.
2. It is a Phospholipid bilayer
3. It is partially permeable
4. It is easily viewed by a light microscope

Question 3

WHAT IS THE CELL MEMBRANE MADE OF?

Answer 3

• The cell membrane is made out of Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Proteins.

Question 4

WHAT IS A NUCLEUS?

Answer 4

1. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
2. It has a double membrane: inner membrane and outer membrane. Together they are known as a nuclear envelope.
3. The darkly stained area in a nucleus is called a nucleolus.
4. The nucleus had nuclear pores which are responsible for the exchange of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 5

WHAT IS A NUCLEOLUS?

Answer 5

• It is the darkly stained area in the nucleus
• It contains rRNA and ribosomal subunits.
• It is responsible for the formation of ribosomes.
• No nucleolus = no ribosomes = no proteins

Question 6

WHAT IS THE CYTOPLASM?

Answer 6

• It is a liquid that fills the cell
• It is were protein synthesis occurs.

Question 7

WHAT IS THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM?

Answer 7

• Contain flatten sac-like structures known as cristernea which are inter-connected with one another.
• They originate from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane.

Question 8

HOW MANY TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ARE THERE?

Answer 8

2 Types
1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Question 9

WHY IS RER ROUGH?

Answer 9

Because a granule structure is present of it’s surface of Ribosomes of 80s.

Question 10

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF RER?

Answer 10

1. It’s function is protein synthesis (formation of proteins) due to the presence of ribosomes
2. Another function of ‘modification of proteins’

Question 11

WHY IS SER SMOOTH?

Answer 11

Due to the absence of ribosomes of it’s surface

Question 12

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF SER?

Answer 12

•Responsible for lipid metabolism (lipid formation/ breakdown)
• Responsible for the production of steroids and reproductive hormones (oestrogen and testosterone)

Question 13

WHAT ARE RIBOSOMES?

Answer 13

Circular particles responsible for protein synthesis

Question 14

WHAT IS THE DIAMETER OF A RIBOSOME?

Answer 14

20-20nm

Question 15

HOW MANY SUBUNITS ARE RIBOSOMES MADE UP OF?

Answer 15

2 sub-units:
1. Smaller subunit (40s)
2. Larger subunit (60s)

Question 16

WHAT ARE THE 2 SIZES OF RIBOSOMES?

Answer 16

1. 70s
2. 80s

Question 17

IN WHAT ORGANELLES ARE 70S RIBOSOMES PRESENT?

Answer 17

Prokaryotes
Mitochondria
Chloroplast

Question 18

WHAT ORGANELLES CONTAIN 80S RIBOSOMES?

Answer 18

Eukaryotes
Cytoplasm
RER