Cells: C Flashcards
What are Eukaryotes?
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukaryota or Eukarya, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes.
What are Prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes are divided into two distinct groups: the bacteria and the archaea.
What is the Nucleus?
The Nucleus is the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes, DNA and controls all cell activity.
What is the Cell membrane?
The Cell membrane is a flexible envelope surrounding the cell which controls substances entering and exiting.
What is the Cell wall?
The cell wall is a structure found in plant cells which is a stiff layer around the cell, outside of the cell membrane to protect and support the cell.
What are chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are an organelle found within plant cells which allow plants to make sugar using the sun’s energy.
What is the mitochondria?
Known as the “powerhouses of the cell,” mitochondria produce the energy necessary for the cell’s survival and functioning. Through a series of chemical reactions, mitochondria break down glucose into an energy molecule known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used to fuel various other cellular processes.
What are ribosomes?
A ribosome is the cellular machinery responsible for making proteins. There are many ribosomes in each cell, each made up of two subunits. These two subunits lock around the messenger RNA and then travel along the length of the messenger RNA molecule reading each three-letter codon.
What is a Vacuole?
A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance. Sometimes a single vacuole can take up most of the interior space of the plant cell.
What are organelles?
An organelle is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body.
