Cells & Blood Flashcards
The body contains approximately how many cells?
30 trillion cells
Order the hierarchy of biological molecules?
Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
Define cell differentiation
When a cell becomes more specialised to carry out a specific body function
Which three body transport systems are required for the body to communicate
Blood, lymphatic system, cardiovascular system
Which internal communication systems are required for the body to communicate
Nervous System & Endocrine System
Which external abilities are required to communicate
Verbal and non verbal communication, senses
These depend on the nervous system
Which body activities are involved in the intake of raw materials and the excretion of waste
Intake of Oxygen
Intake of Nutrients (eating)
Elimination of waste (carbon dioxide, urine, faeces)
Which body activities are involved in protection of the body/species itself
Skin - protection against external environment
Immune System - protection against infection
Reproduction - survival of species, transmission of inherited characteristics
Body movement
How much blood do adults have
5-6 litres
80ml/kg adult men, 70ml/kg adult women
What are the components of blood?
Blood cells and plasma
55% plasma, 45% cells
What does blood transport?
Heat Oxygen Nutrients Waste products Hormones Antibodies Clotting Factors
Describe the make up of of blood plasma and the function of what it contains
Plasma is 90% water with various substances dissolved in it:
- nutrients from the alimentary canal (from food digestion, transported for absorption into the tissues for storage or immediate use)
- gases (small amount of oxygen, most on RBC, carbon dioxide as bicarbonate ions)
- molecules produced by the body, e.g, hormones
- waste products produced by cells for excretion (creatine, urea, uric acid transported from the liver to the kidney for excretion, carbon dioxide to the lungs)
- plasma proteins (osmotic pressure, transport, immunity, proteolytic enzyme inhibition, clotting)
- inorganic salts (electrolytes) (muscle contraction, maintenance of acid base balance, transmission of nerve impulses)
Describe the three types of blood cells
Erythrocytes - transport oxygen and also carbon dioxide between the lungs and all body tissues
Leukocytes - protect the body from infection and foreign bodies, larger and less numerous than the erythrocytes
- two types, granular (granule filled, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils) and Agranular (lymphocytes and monocytes)
Platelets (Thrombocytes) - small cell fragments involved in blood clotting
What is the cardiovascular system composed of?
Blood vessels
The Heart
Describe the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries - carry blood away from the heart
Veins - carry blood towards the heart
Capillaries - connect arteries and veins, one layer of cells to enable the exchange of substances