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Biology (yr 9 stuff mainly) > Cells and things > Flashcards

Cells and things Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does the cell membrane do?

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

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2
Q

What does the nucleus of the cell do?

A

controls the functions of the cell and contains DNA

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3
Q

What do Mitochondria do?

A

Releases energy from glucose, respiration happens here

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4
Q

What does he cytoplasm do?

A

It provides structure by storing water/fat to allow materials to move between organelles easier. Its also where some reactions happen and enzymes break down waste.

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5
Q

what does the chloroplast do me laddy?

A

This is where photosynthesis happens as it contains chlorophyll.

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6
Q

what do ribosomes do?

A

They make proteins

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7
Q

What are the main differences

of bacteria cells to other cells?

A

They have a flagellum to help them move,, nucleus just freely floating DNA, a capsule instead of cell wall.

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8
Q

what does diploid mean?

A

a cell or nucleus containing two complete sets of chromosomes usually one from each parent.

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9
Q

what does haploid mean?

A

a cell or nucleus having a single set of chromosomes.

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10
Q

How does cancer develop?

A

when a faulty cell doesn’t get removed or fixed and the cell divides uncontrollably.

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11
Q

what is mitosis?

A

The processes by which cells divide

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12
Q

What is the chromosome called when an arm is preparing to divide\?

A

A chromatid

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13
Q

state the stages of mitosis

A 
Interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase and cytokinesis
(ipmatc)
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14
Q

What happens in interphase?

A

The DNA replicates itself

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15
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

The DNA forms chromosomes and the nucleus membrane disappears.

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16
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Spindle fibres form from one side to the other and the chromosomes line up along the equator.

17
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

The chromatids get pulled apart to either end of the cell to the poles.

18
Q

What happens in Telophase?

A

A nucleus develops around the chromosomes at either end

19
Q

what happens in cytokinesis?

A

The cytoplasm divides into two cells which are genetically identical.

20
Q

What are stem cells?

A

They are special cells which can differentiate to many different types of cells and are essential to developing as an embryo.

21
Q

What does totipotent mean?

A

Can become all different types of cells

22
Q

What happens in your frontal lobe?

A

Your emotions, personality and your learning

23
Q

What happens in you medulla oblongata?

A

all you unconscious actions like breathing and your heart rate and

24
Q

What happens in your cerebellum?

A

Balance, posture and muscle control

25
Q

What happens in your occipital lobe?

A

Your vision

26
Q

How could stem cells be used to treat spinal chord injuries?

A

By differentiating into neurons in the spinal chord

27
Q

What’s the order of the nervous system?

A 
Receptor
sensory neuron
relay neuron
motor neuron
effector
28
Q

What does a sensory neuron do?

A

receives information from the receptor and asses to the spinal chord where the relay neuron is.

29
Q

What does the relay neuron do?

A

The relay neuron receives information from sensory neuron and passes it to the motor neuron

30
Q

What does the motor neuron do?

A

Stimulates the effector

31
Q

What happens in the synapse?

A

electrical impulses activate chemical energy, the neurotransmitter, to travel along the neuron.

32
Q

What does the iris do?

A

controls how much light enters the pupil by changing its shape.

33
Q

what does the cornea?

A

clear colourless covering which focuses and refracts light.

34
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

A protective layer over the eye

35
Q

What is the retina?

A

A concentration f rods and cones

36
Q

what does a vacuole do?

A

store nutrients, provide shape and structure and store waste products.

Biology (yr 9 stuff mainly) (3 decks)

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