Cells and things Flashcards
what does the cell membrane do?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
What does the nucleus of the cell do?
controls the functions of the cell and contains DNA
What do Mitochondria do?
Releases energy from glucose, respiration happens here
What does he cytoplasm do?
It provides structure by storing water/fat to allow materials to move between organelles easier. Its also where some reactions happen and enzymes break down waste.
what does the chloroplast do me laddy?
This is where photosynthesis happens as it contains chlorophyll.
what do ribosomes do?
They make proteins
What are the main differences
of bacteria cells to other cells?
They have a flagellum to help them move,, nucleus just freely floating DNA, a capsule instead of cell wall.
what does diploid mean?
a cell or nucleus containing two complete sets of chromosomes usually one from each parent.
what does haploid mean?
a cell or nucleus having a single set of chromosomes.
How does cancer develop?
when a faulty cell doesn’t get removed or fixed and the cell divides uncontrollably.
what is mitosis?
The processes by which cells divide
What is the chromosome called when an arm is preparing to divide\?
A chromatid
state the stages of mitosis
Interphase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase and cytokinesis (ipmatc)
What happens in interphase?
The DNA replicates itself
What happens in prophase?
The DNA forms chromosomes and the nucleus membrane disappears.
What happens in metaphase?
Spindle fibres form from one side to the other and the chromosomes line up along the equator.
What happens in anaphase?
The chromatids get pulled apart to either end of the cell to the poles.
What happens in Telophase?
A nucleus develops around the chromosomes at either end
what happens in cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm divides into two cells which are genetically identical.
What are stem cells?
They are special cells which can differentiate to many different types of cells and are essential to developing as an embryo.
What does totipotent mean?
Can become all different types of cells
What happens in your frontal lobe?
Your emotions, personality and your learning
What happens in you medulla oblongata?
all you unconscious actions like breathing and your heart rate and
What happens in your cerebellum?
Balance, posture and muscle control
What happens in your occipital lobe?
Your vision
How could stem cells be used to treat spinal chord injuries?
By differentiating into neurons in the spinal chord
What’s the order of the nervous system?
Receptor sensory neuron relay neuron motor neuron effector
What does a sensory neuron do?
receives information from the receptor and asses to the spinal chord where the relay neuron is.
What does the relay neuron do?
The relay neuron receives information from sensory neuron and passes it to the motor neuron
What does the motor neuron do?
Stimulates the effector
What happens in the synapse?
electrical impulses activate chemical energy, the neurotransmitter, to travel along the neuron.
What does the iris do?
controls how much light enters the pupil by changing its shape.
what does the cornea?
clear colourless covering which focuses and refracts light.
What is the conjunctiva?
A protective layer over the eye
What is the retina?
A concentration f rods and cones
what does a vacuole do?
store nutrients, provide shape and structure and store waste products.
