All To Do With DNA Flashcards
What is the human genome?
The complete collection of DNA in an organism
What is a polymer?
A long chain molecule made by joining many smaller molecules (monomers) together
What is a gamete?
sex cell
What is a zygote?
A fertilised egg cell?
what are the chemical bonds or bases of human DNA?
A-T C-G
adenine and thymine
cytosine and guanine
What is a nucleotide?
A part of a DNA molecule and is a grouping consisting of a base(chemical bond), a sugar and a phosphate group.
What are mRNA nucleotides?
A Free floating nucleotide that conveys genetic information convey information to the ribosomes. These mRNA attach to the split complementary DNA bases in process of protein synthesis.
what is the process of protein synthesis?
DNA splits in two and the free floating mRNA nucleotides attach to their complementary bases. the complimentary mRNA is a copy of the DNA and is a single strand so is able to fit through the nuclear pores and provide the information to the ribsommes o make the amino acid stand of the protein.
What is a codon?
A set of three codons
What is substitution when taking about DNA?
a mutation in which a base in the DNA sequence is changed, affecting the codon. With a different DNA codon the mRNA changes as the complementary bases are different. This means the transcription processes changes making the tRNA anti codon different. With a diiferent tRna the amino acid makes a different protein to normal.
What is a substrate?
The thing which an enzyme brakes down.
What is lipase?
An enzyme which breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.
What does denatured mean?
when the active site changed due to extreme ph or temperature. if it is denatured a lot it will no longer be complementary to the substrate.
What is protease?
breaks down protein.
What is amylase?
enzyme which breaks down starch into small sugars such as maltose.
