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Cells And Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are organisms?

A

To be an organism it has to:

  • be made of cells.
  • need energy.
  • grow and develop.
  • respond to the environment.
  • reproduce.
  • have adaptations for their environment.

Example: Joelle or a flower.

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2
Q

What is a cell?

A

A cell is the basic unit of life.

  • Can perform all the processes that life depends on.
  • All organisms are made up of at least one cell.
  • Every cell comes from another cell.

Example: Cells in a cork.

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3
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Nutrients are substances that provide the energy and materials that organisms need to grow, develop, and reproduce.

Example: Sun

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4
Q

What is a metabolism?

A

The sum of all the different processes that happen in an organism is called the organisms metabolism.

Example: He is using energy and the sum of all the different processes which is called a metabolism.

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5
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

A stimulus is anything that causes a response in an organism.

Example: The sight of a moving car.

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6
Q

What is a response?

A

A response is a reaction to a stimulus.

Example: Jumping out of the way of the car.

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7
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

An adaptation is a characteristic that allows an organism to live in it’s environment.

Example: Hollow bones in a bird.

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8
Q

What is a structure?

A

The structure is the form of a body that helps adapt you to the environment.

Example: Human body is used for a specific function like fingers.

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9
Q

What does function mean?

A

Function means task.

Example: Flying

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10
Q

What is an organ?

A

Organs are tissues that work together to perform a specific function or task.

Example: Lungs.

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11
Q

What is an organ system?

A

An organ system is a group of organs that work together to do a task.

Example: Breathing

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12
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Capillaries are blood tissues that are small that connect to arteries to veins.
- One cell layer is thick and narrow.

Example: Circulatory System/oxygen/food.

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13
Q

What is a compound light microscope?

A

A compound light microscope is a microscope that has two or more lenses and a lamp or a light.

Example: Used to look at bugs.

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14
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A tissue is a group of specialized cells.

Example: Skin tissue

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15
Q

What are organelles?

A

Organelles carry out specific functions.

Example: Cell membrane.

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16
Q

What does it mean to be multi-cellular?

A

Multi-cellular means that organisms are made up of two or more cells.

Example: Plants and animals.

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17
Q

What does it mean to be unicellular?

A

To be unicellular, an organism is made up of only a single cell.

Example: Micro–organisms

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18
Q

What are micro-organisms?

A

Micro-organism is an unicellular organism that can only be seen with a microscope.

Example: Mycoplasma.

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19
Q

What is a cilia?

A

Cilias are hair-like structures and they move back and forth. It also helps them gather food.

Example: Oars moving them through water.

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20
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area where there are more of them to an area where there are fewer of them.

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21
Q

What does it mean to be Selectively Permeable?

A

To be Selectively Permeable, it describes a membrane with tiny openings that allow particles of some substances, not others, to pass through.

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22
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of water particles through a selectively Permeable membrane.

Example: Eggs in water getting bigger.

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23
Q

What are specialized cells?

A

Specialized cells are cells that have a specific function that help them to perform a particular function.

Example: Red blood cells.

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24
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

A blood cell that carries oxygen to all cells of your body.

Example: Specialized cell.

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25
Q

What does it mean to react?

A

To react, it means our bodies organ systems are working together, or interacting, as a single unit to carry out all of the functions that are needed for survival.

Example: Adapting to different air levels so we can breathe the amount of air we need to.

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26
Q

What does it mean to interact?

A

Interact means working together.

Example: The Respiratory System and Excretory System work together.

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27
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Mechanical digestion involves the physical breakdown of food into very small pieces.

Example: Teeth breaking down food.

28
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Chemical digestion is the breakdown of large particles into smaller particles by substances called enzymes.

Example: Hydrochloric acid.

29
Q

What are enzymes?

A

An enzyme is something that helps the body carry out chemical digestion.

Example: Saliva.

30
Q

What is perilstalsis?

A

Perilstalsis is caused by contractions of the muscle tissue that covers the inside of the esophagus. Perilstalsis helps push down food.

Example: In the esophagus, food is pushed down by this.

31
Q

What is gastric juice?

A

Gastric juice is made up of mucus, hydrochloric acid, water, and digestive enzymes.

Example: In the stomach.

32
Q

What are villi?

A

Villi are small, fingerlike projections. They increase the surface area of the small intestine to aid in absorbing nutrients. Villi are found in the inner surface of the small intestine.

Example: A grape’s nutrients getting absorbed.

33
Q

What is a diaphragm?

A

A diaphragm is a large muscle below the lungs. It helps transfer air in and out of the lungs.

Example: When you breathe in, you expand, that is your diaphragm expanding and opposite happens for exhalation.

34
Q

What are bronchi?

A

Bronchi are a series of tubelike passage ways. Bronchi are lined with tough connective tissue’s to keep the walls from collapsing. They bring an oxygen rich air into the lungs.

Example: You are running and you breathe in. The bronchi take in the oxygen and bring it into your lungs.

35
Q

What are bronchioles?

A

Bronchioles are bronchi that narrow down. Bronchioles and in 600 000 000 tiny, air-filled sacs, called alveoli.

Example: When you breathe in, the oxygen travels through your bronchi and into your bronchioles.

36
Q

What are arteries?

A

The vessels that carry out blood away from your heart to all the parts of your body are called arteries.

Example: Blood back to the body.

37
Q

What are veins?

A

Veins return blood from your body to your heart.

Example: Blood back to the heart.

38
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

White blood cells are specialized to fight infection.

Example: when you think you are getting a sinus infection, your white blood cells are working to make it not happen.

39
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Capillaries are specialized blood cells located between arteries and veins. In capillaries, diffusion of nutrients and gases occur.

40
Q

What are platelets?

A

Platelets are cells that help to stop bleeding a cut.

Example: You get a paper cut, but your platelet stop it from bleeding too much.

41
Q

What is excretion?

A

Excretion is the job of waste removal.

Example: the main organs of excretion are kidneys and they dispose of water.

42
Q

What is a urea?

A

The less harmful substances that was converted from and ammonia is called urea.

43
Q

What is a dialysis?

A

Dialysis is a machine that acts like a kid need to remove waste from your blood.

44
Q

What is a nervous tissue?

A

Nervous tissue mostly makes up the nervous system. Nervous tissues made entirely of specialized cells called neurons.

45
Q

What are neurons?

A

Neurons make up your brain, spinal cord, and nerves. A neuron’s job is to send and receive messages.

46
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Dendrites are small batches of the cell that receives messages from the neurons.

Example: Dendrites kind of look like a curved mountain with bird feet on the end when they are zoomed in.

47
Q

What is an axon?

A

The axon is a long extension of the cell that ends in small branches. It carries impulses away from the cell body to its branches.

Example: Hand hits a burner a message goesgoes to your axon and passes on.

48
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.

Example: Messages travelling from your brain to the spinal cord into the place that needs the message.

49
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

The peripheral nervous system is made up of the head or cranial and spinal nerves.

Example: It carries instructions from your brain to your limbs.

50
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

Sensory neurons carry information from the body to the central nervous system.

Example: If you are hurt, it will carry the message that you are hurt your brain.

51
Q

What are motor neurons?

A

Motor neurons carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles or organs.

Example: If you get hurt, motor neurons carry information from your brain to your muscles.

52
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

The nerve pathway involved in a reflex action including at it’s simplest sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between.

Example: Reflex arc helping to move hand away from a hot fire.

53
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

A vaccine is a substance that is injected into an animal or person to produce an immunity to a disease. And vaccine is usually a mild form of a disease.

Example: Smallpox.

54
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

Bronchitis is a serious respiratory disease. Bronchitis is caused when mucus builds up in the bronchi and causes them to get narrower.

Example: A lady got bronchitis and she had to go to the doctor because she had so much mucus if she couldn’t breathe.

55
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Emphysema occurs when the smoke from a cigarette damages the lung tissue.

56
Q

What is lung cancer?

A

Lung cancer is when a tumour or cancerous growth starts to form in the lungs.

57
Q

What is a ulcer?

A

Ulcers are painful sores of the stomach lining. Ulcers are caused by bacteria. The bacteria breaks down mucus of the stomach.

58
Q

What does a xylem do?

A

The xylem brings water up to the leaves.

xy (zi) high

59
Q

What does the phloem do?

A

The phloem bring food, nutrients down to the roots.

Phlo (flow) Low

60
Q

What is similar and different between an animal cell and a plant cell?

A

Difference:

  • An animal cell is circular.
  • A plant cell is shaped like a square or box.
  • A plant cell has a cell wall and chloroplasts, while an animal cells doesn’t.
  • A plant cell usually has one big vacuole and an animal cell usually has many smaller vacuoles.

Similarities:

  • An animal cell and a plant cell both have a vacuole, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and a mitochondrion.
  • They both make up either an animal or a plant.
61
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

A vacuole is the “storage rooms” where nutrients, water, or other substances can be stored by the cell. Plant cells tend to have just one big vacuole, and animal cells have many small vacuoles.

Example: Storage rooms.

62
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

A nucleus is a “command centre” that directs all cellular activities such as movement, growth, and other life functions.

Example: Command centre and brain.

63
Q

What is a mitochondria?

A

Mitochondrion are the “powerhouses” of the cell where chemical reactions occur that convert the energy the cell receives into a form it can use.

Example: Powerhouses.

64
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

A cell membrane is the “controllable gateway that lets needed materials in and waste materials out.

Example: Controllable gateway.

65
Q

What is a cytoplasm?

A

A cytoplasm is the “kitchen” of the cell. It contains the nutrients required by the cell to maintain it’s life processes.

66
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

The cell wall is like the “frame” of the cell. It is found in plant cells but not in animal cells, it provides strength and support to plants.

Example: Frame.

67
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Chloroplasts are the “solar panels” of the cell. They at found in the cells of the green parts of plants. They carry out photosynthesis, converting the sun’s energy into food for the cell.

Science (5 decks)

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