Cells and Organs

Question 1

Name 5 parts of a cell that both plant and animal cells have.

Answer 1

• Mitochondria
• Nucleus
• Ribosomes
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm

Question 2

What is diffusion?

Answer 2

Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 3

Give three ways which palisade leaf cell is adapted for photosynthesis.

Answer 3

1) Packed with chloroplasts for photosynthesis, most of them are put at the top of the cell so they are nearer the light.
2) Tall shape means a lot of surface area exposed down the side for absorbing CO2 from the air in the leaf.
3) Thin shape means that you can pack loads of the cells in at the top of the leaf

Question 4

3 ways that a sperm cell is adapted for swimming to an egg cell.

Answer 4

1) Has a long tail and streamlined head, so it can swim fast and easily.
2) There is a lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy for swimming.
3) Sperm carries enzymes in their heads to digest through the egg cell membrane.

Question 5

What is a tissue?

Answer 5

A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function. It can include more than one type of cell.

Question 6

What is an organ?

Answer 6

An organ is group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function.

Question 7

Name 3 examples of tissue in the human stomach and what their jobs are.

Answer 7

1) Muscular Tissue- which moves the stomach wall to churn up the food.
2) Glandular Tissue- which makes digestive juices to digest food.
3) Epithelial Tissue- which covers the outside and inside of the stomach.

Question 8

Name one organ system found in the human body.

Answer 8

• The stomach and small intestine which digests food.
• Glands (the pancreas and salivary glands) which produce digestive juices.
• The liver which produces bile.
• The small intestine which absorbs soluble food molecules.
• The large intestine which absorbs water from undigested food leaving faeces.

Question 9

Name on plant tissue and one plant organ.

Answer 9

• Mesophyll tissue- this is where most of the photosynthesis in a plant occurs.
• Xylem and Phloem- they transport things like water, mineral ions and sucrose around the plant.
• Epidermal tissue-this covers the whole plant

Question 10

Equation for photosynthesis

Answer 10

sunlight
Carbon dioxide+water————–> glucose+oxygen
chlorophyll

Question 11

What is the green substance in leaves that absorb the sunlight?

Answer 11

Chlorophyll

Question 12

Name three factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis.

Answer 12

• Light
• Temperature
• Amount of Carbon Dioxide

Question 13

Why is gluecose turned into starch when plants need to store it for later?

Answer 13

Because a cell with lots of glucose would draw in loads of water and swell up, so storing it as glucose is better as it is insoluble so it wouldn’t swell up.

Question 14

Name four other ways plants can use the glucose produced by photosynthesis.

Answer 14

• For respiration
• Making cell walls
• Making proteins
• Stored in seeds

Question 15

Name 5 environmental factors that affect the distribution of organisms.

Answer 15

• Temperature
• Availability of water
• Availability of oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Availability of nutrients
• Amount of light

Question 16

What is a transect?

Answer 16

A measured line or area along which ecological measurements are made.

Question 17

What is a quadrat?

Answer 17

A piece of apparatus for sampling organisms in the field.