Cells and Organisms Flashcards
The characteristics of living things
—> All living things move, respire,
sense, grow, reproduce,
excrete, and use nutrients at
some stage in their lives.
Microbes
—> Micro-organisms are living
things that are too small to
see without a microscope.
—> They include algae, protozoa,
fungi, and bacteria.
Louis Pasteur
—> Pasteur showed that yeast
converts sugar to alcohol,
and bacteria convert sugar
to other products such as
lactic acid.
Testing predictions
—> To test their explanations,
scientists make predictions
and review them against the
evidence they collect.
Useful micro-organisms
—> Yeast produces carbon
dioxide as it respires, so it can
be used to make bread rise.
—> Some bacteria produce lactic
acid as they respire. They
make cheese, yoghurt, and
fermented milk drinks.
Harmful micro-organisms
—> Infectious diseases are caused
by micro-organisms
—> Different fungi, bacteria,
protozoa, and viruses cause
different diseases.
Plant and animal cells
—> All living things are made
of cells
—> All animal and plant cells
have a cell membrane,
cytoplasm, and nucleus.
—> Plant cells also have a cell
wall and vacuole.
—> Plants cells that grow in the
light also has chloroplasts.
Specialised cells
—> Plant and animal cells
specialise to do different jobs.
—> A red blood cell’s adaptations
make it good at carrying
oxygen
—> Muscles cells specialise in
making themselves shorter.
—> Fat cells are adapted for
storage and bone cells to
build bones
—> Root hair cells specialise in
taking in water and minerals.
—> Xylem and phloem cells form
tubes to transport water and
nutrients.
Nerves
—> Nerve cells carry electrical
signals.
—> Each long, thin cell connects
with many other cells.
—> They use chemicals to pass
signals to other cells.
—> Sensory cells send signals
along nerves to your brain.
Tissues and organs
—> Organs have tissues that suit
their functions
—> Each tissue is made of a
different type of cell.
