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HUBS191 Progress Test 2 > Cells and Organisation of Nervous System > Flashcards

Cells and Organisation of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

The integrating and co-ordinating of internal roles in the nervous system - eg balancing the internal environment of the cell

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2
Q

What are the two types of Nervous Systems?

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and Central Nervous System (CNS)

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3
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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4
Q

What does PNS consist of?

A

Peripheral Nerves and Ganglia

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5
Q

There are cells of the nervous system, what are the two main types?

A

Neurons (Nerve Cells) and Glia (Glue)

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6
Q

What are the structural components of Neurons?

A

Dendrites, Axons, Axon Terminals, Cell Body

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7
Q

What are the four functional zones of Neurons?

A

Input, Summation, Conduction, Output Zone

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8
Q

What is the Axon Hillock?

A

Anatomical location where inputs are summated before Action Potentials

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9
Q

What are the four morphological types of Neurons?

A

Multipolar, Bipolar, Unipolar, Axonless

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10
Q

What are the cells of the CNS?

A

Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal Cells, Oligodendrocytes

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11
Q

What are the 3 main features of a Schwann Cell?

A
  1. Support Peripheral Nerve Fibers
  2. Ensheath them with Myelin
  3. Similar to Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
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12
Q

What is a Myelin Sheath?

A

Lipid (fat) wrapped around a Axon

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13
Q

Where does a Myelin SMheath come from in the CNS and PNS?

A

CNS - Oligodendrocytes
PNS - Schwann Cells

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14
Q

What is a Myelin Sheath used for?

A

Increases Conduction Velocity.

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15
Q

What is the basic structure of a Myelin Sheath and what is their function?

A

Myelin Sheath - Multiple Schwann cells in a line

Nodes of Ranvier - Gaps between the myelin and helps increase conduction velocity.

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16
Q

What is communication between Neurons called?

A

A synapse.

17
Q

What is the synaptic cleft

A

Small gap between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic cell (which can be another neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell) at a synapse. T

18
Q

Functions of presynaptic neuron

A
  1. Releases neurotransmitter (chemical signal) from Axon terminal
  2. Contains synaptic vesicles
19
Q

Function of postsynaptic neuron

A

Contains receptors for transmitter

20
Q

Define Afferent and Efferent

A

INTO the brain - Afferent
OUT OF the brain - Efferent

HUBS191 Progress Test 2 (3 decks)

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