cells and organelles Flashcards
What are cells?
A cell is the smallest unit of life that is capable of performing life functions.
Why are cells all different?
They vary in size and shape based on their function.
Similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic: without membrane-bound organelles, simple, circular loop of DNA.
Eukaryotic: membrane-bound organelles, complex, nucleus, linear strands of DNA.
both- contain dna, ribosomes, cytosol
Both contain DNA, ribosomes, cytosol.
Similarities and differences between plant and animal cells
Plant: have a cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole. Animal: no cell wall, lysosomes, centrioles.
both- nucleus, , ribosomes etc
Both have a nucleus, ribosomes, etc.
Types of eukaryotic cells
Animals, plants, fungi, and protists.
Types of prokaryotic cells
Bacteria, pond scum, simple algae.
Nucleus
Contains the genetic info of the cell.
Nucleolus
Dark region of the nucleus where ribosomes are made.
Cytoplasm
Gelatin-like fluid inside cell membrane, consists largely of water, where organelles float.
Cell membrane
Controls movement of substances in and out of cell.
Cell wall
Provides structure and support to the cell.
Ribosomes
Attached to ER or float freely, site of protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum
A series of folded membranes that move materials around in a cell.
Smooth ER
Ribosomes not attached.
Rough ER
Ribosomes attached, synthesizing and transporting proteins through cell.
Centrioles
Help organize spindle fibers during mitosis.
Golgi bodies
Stacked flattened membranes, sort and package proteins for export out of cell.
Chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis.
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of cell, breaks down food (glucose) to produce energy for cell, where energy is made by respiration.
What are protists?
A unicellular eukaryotic organism, they require water.
Large vacuole
Where water and wastes are stored in cell.
