cells and organelles

Question 1

plasma membrane description and function

Answer 1

description
-found in plant and animal cells
-made of lipids and proteins
function
-regulates movements of substances in and out of the cell
-has receptors to respond to chemicals

Question 2

cell wall description and function

Answer 2

description
-rigid structure that surrounds plant cells
-made of cellulose
function
-supports plant cells

Question 3

nucleus description and function

Answer 3

description
-large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope
-contains many pores
-contains chromatin and nucleolus
function
-controls cell activity by controlling transcription
-makes ribosomes
-pores allow substances to enter and exit

Question 4

lysosome description and function

Answer 4

description
-round organelle surrounded by a membrane
-no clear internal structure
function
-contains digestive enzymes that break down invading cells and worn out organelles

Question 5

ribosome description and function

Answer 5

description
-small organelle
-floats free or attached to RER
-no membrane
-made up of proteins and RNA
function
-where proteins are made

Question 6

rough endoplasmic reticulum description and function

Answer 6

description
-system of membranes enclosing fluid filled space
-ribosomes on surface
function
-folds and processes proteins

Question 7

smooth endoplasmic reticulum description and function

Answer 7

description
-same as RER with no ribosome
function
-synthesises and processes lipids

Question 8

vesicle description and function

Answer 8

description
-small, fluid filled sac in cytoplasm
-membrane
function
-transports substances in and out of cell and between organelles

Question 9

golgi apparatus description and function

Answer 9

description
-group of fluid filled, membrane bound flattened sacs
function
-processes and packages lipids and proteins
-makes lysosomes

Question 10

mitochondria description and function

Answer 10

description
-usually oval shaped
-double membrane
function
-site of aerobic respiration
-where ATP is produced

Question 11

chloroplast description and function

Answer 11

description
-small flattened structure
-found in plant cells
-surrounded by double membranes
-has thylakoid membranes
function
-where photosynthesis takes place

Question 12

centriole description and function

Answer 12

description
-small, hollow cylinders made of microtubules
function
-involved in separation of chromosomes

Question 13

cilia function and description

Answer 13

description
-small hair like structures
-found on the membrane of some animal cells
-in cross-section, they have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of protein microtubules inside
function
-microtubules allow the cilia to move
-used to move substances along the cell surface

Question 14

flagellum description and function

Answer 14

description
-are like cilia but longer
-stick out from the cell surface
-surrounded by the plasma membrane
-like cilia inside
function
-microtubules contract to make the flagellum move
-used to propel the cell forward