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Bioloy > Cells And Organ Systems > Flashcards

Cells And Organ Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is osmosis

A

It’s when water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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2
Q

What is diffusion

A

When particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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3
Q

What is equilibrium

A

When both areas are equal concentration.

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4
Q

What is passive transport

A

No energy needed
Osmosis and diffusion
Can use but doesn’t need proteins
High to low concentration

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5
Q

What is active transport

A

Requires energy
Requires a protein to facilitate
Low to high concentration (against gradient)
Will never hit equilibrium

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6
Q

What is a prokaryote cell

A

Cell that doesn’t enclose DNA in nucleus. Has:
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Cell membrane

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7
Q

What is eukaryote cell

A 
Cell that encloses DNA in nucleus, more complex. Has : 
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Chloroplast (in plants)
Mitochondria
Cell wall (in plants)
Cell membrane
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8
Q

Name three types of symbiotic relationships

A

Mutualism parasitism commensalism

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9
Q

What type of membrane is the cell membrane. Why?

A

Semi permeable so some things can get in and out, but not certain things in and out.

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10
Q

What 2 types of molecules make up cell membrane

A

Phosolipids and proteins

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11
Q

Do phosolipids mix with water

A

No

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12
Q

How many layers of phosolipids are there

A

2

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13
Q

What is the job of proteins in the membrane

A

Help get materials across membrane.

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14
Q

In areas of high solute, will water move in or out?

A

In

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15
Q

Types of molecules that move in and out of cell

A

Water both ways sugar in co2 out o2 in waste out excess nutrients both lactic acid uria out

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16
Q

What are three organ systems get waste out of the cell and organism

A

Excretory system (water and nutrients) respiratory system (co2) circulatory (moves out of cell and around body)

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17
Q

Main jobs of kidneys

A

Balance fluid
Control vitamins and nutrients
Release waste products

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18
Q

Materials kidneys filter

A 
Vitamins and nutrients
Urea
Excess nutrients 
Water
Acids
Hormones
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19
Q

What does the nephron do?

A

Filter blood

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20
Q

Main parts of the cardiovascular system

A

Heart
Blood vessels (arteries capillaries veins)
Blood

21
Q

What are some factors that increase heart rate

A 
Stress
Adrenaline
Exercise
Happy
Emotions
Medical disorders
22
Q

Factors that decrease heart rate

A 
Drugs
Depression
Resting
Breathing slowly 
Exercising (trains heart muscle to be more effective each pump)
23
Q

Define blood pressure

A

How hard blood is pumped through body

24
Q

Blood pressure is highest in

A

Aorta

25
Q

What causes pulse

A

Expansion and recoil of arteries

26
Q

What does heart rate measure

A

Pressure of blood against walls of vessel

27
Q

Systolic pressure

A

When arteries contract

28
Q

What is diastolic pressure

A

When the arteries are relaxed.

29
Q

In blood pressure reading which is on top what do the numbers refer to

A

Systolic
————
Diastolic

of millimeters the pressure will raise a column of mercury

30
Q

What is average bp rate for teens

A

120
——
70

31
Q

What does it mean when a cell is differentiated?

A

It has a specialized purpose and a different shape. It matters about which genes are turned on or off.

32
Q

What is homeostasis

A

The constant internal environment of the cell

33
Q

How does a sphygmomanometer measure blood pressure?

A

It wraps around upper arm

The gauge measures pressure

34
Q

How does a stethoscope measure blood pressure?

A

It listens to the different sounds that occur.

35
Q

How is an ectothermic animal different from humans

A

Their body temp is the same temp as the surroundings, basically.

36
Q

What is thermoregation

A

Maintenance of internal temps within range that lets cells work.

37
Q

How do ectothermic animals achieve thermoregulation

A

Basking in the sun or burrowing in the mud.

38
Q

What does Q2 stand for?

A

The rate doubles by 2 with a 10* C increase in temp.

39
Q

What is a flagella

A

It’s a whip like tail that’s used for propulsion

40
Q

What is cilla

A

Small hairs surrounding the cell membrane

41
Q

What is pseudoephedrine

A

Extensions of the cell membrane that pulls itself around.

42
Q

Where can flagella be found

A

Euglena

43
Q

Where can cilla be found

A

Paramecium

44
Q

Where can psedophobia be found

A

Amoeba

45
Q

What is locomotion

A

The result of muscles pulling on skeletal systems

46
Q

What do joints allow for

A

Parts of the body to flex and extend allowing for motion

47
Q

What do ligaments attach to

A

Bones at the joints

48
Q

Where do muscles attach to

A

Bones by tendons

Bioloy (3 decks)

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