cells and membranes

Question 1

basic structural unit of all living things

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

common features of cells (6)

Answer 2

• cell membrane
• made from same material: carbs, protein, nucleic acids, minerals, fats, vitamins
• regulate influx and efflux of nutrients, waste, ions etc
• can reproduce themselves
• require supply of energy

Question 3

lack membrane bound organelles
most are single celled
found in nearly every earth environment

Answer 3

prokaryotic cells

Question 4

contains nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
found in multicellular organisms
evolutionarily more advnced cells

Answer 4

eukaryotic cells

Question 5

choline phosphate and glycerol make up what part of cell

Answer 5

the polar head

Question 6

fatty acid make up what part of cell

Answer 6

non-polar tail

Question 7

chemical compound possessing both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties

Answer 7

amphipathic

Question 8

contains only one double bonded carbon in their fatty acid tails

Answer 8

monounsaturated lipids

Question 9

contains more than one double bonded carbon in their fatty acid tails

Answer 9

polyunsaturated lipids

Question 10

allows for separation of charge across the membrane

Answer 10

impermeability to ions

Question 11

separation of charge across the membrane creates a voltage across the membrane called

Answer 11

membrane potential

Question 12

longer fatty acid tails do what to temp

Answer 12

higher transition temp

Question 13

more double bonded carbons in fatty acid tails do what to temp

Answer 13

lower transition temp

Question 14

increases viscosity by limiting lateral movement and stiffens the membrane

Answer 14

cholesterol

Question 15

at lower temp, this interferes with ordering and alignment of the fatty acid tails which help keep the membrane fluid

Answer 15

cholesterol

Question 16

diffusion which favors uncharged and nonpolar molecules, no membrane bound proteins required

Answer 16

passive diffusion

Question 17

diffusion that requires membrane transport proteins but driven by concentration and no source of energy is required

Answer 17

facilitated diffusion/passive transport

Question 18

diffusion that requires a source of energy but can work against the gradient, also requires membrane transport proteins

Answer 18

active transport

Question 19

used to denote an integral membrane protein that simultaneouly transports two substances across membrane in the same direction

Answer 19

symport

Question 20

a cotransporter and integral membrane protein involved in secondary active transport of two or more different molecules or ions across a phospholipid membrane in opposite directions

Answer 20

antiport

Question 21

transports only 1 solute across lipid bilayer

Answer 21

uniport

Question 22

transports 2 solute across lipid bilayer

Answer 22

symport

Question 23

transports 2 solutes across lipid bilayer in opposite directions

Answer 23

antiport

Question 24

high solute concentration, low water concentration

Answer 24

hypertonic solution

Question 25

low solute concentration, high water concentration

Answer 25

hypotonic solution

Question 26

osmotically balanced on both sides of membrane

Answer 26

isotonic solution

Question 27

process by which cells engulf material from their surroundings

Answer 27

endocytosis

Question 28

mechanism for secretion of intracellular substances into the extracellular space

Answer 28

exocytosis

Question 29

cell eating, process by which cells can engulf large particles or entire microorganisms for breakdown and recycling

Answer 29

phagocytosis

Question 30

cell drinking, ingestion of small particles or compounds in solution

Answer 30

pinocytosis

Question 31

endocytosis involving membrane proteins that bind specific molecules

Answer 31

receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 32

site of protein synthesis

Answer 32

ribosomes

Question 33

process of using mrna to synthesize a protein

Answer 33

translation