cells and living now Flashcards
cut 2
MRS C GREN
movement, reproduction,sensitivity,control, growth,respiration,excretion,nutrition
nutriton
to take in food for nutriton and energy
respiration
realising energy
movement
an action by an organism
control
the ability to maintain their internal conditions
reproduction
production of new organisms
growth
increase in size and mass
excrete
removal of waste
sensitivity
detect changes in the surrounding
what does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t
chloroplast, vacuole, cell wall
levels of organisation
cells -> Tissues -> organs -> Organ system -> organism
what is a eukaryotic cell?
multicellular organisms e.g. plants and animals are formed from eukaryotic cells.
what is a prokaryotic cell?
e.g. bacteria do not have nuclei and contain only the most simple organelles.
cytoplasm
where most of the chemical reactions happen
nucleus
contains genetic material which controls the cells activities
cell membrane
controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
mitochondria
where most energy os released in respiration
ribosomes
where protein synthesis happens
chloroplast (plant cell)
absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
cell wall (plant cell)
strengthens the cell and supports the paint
permanent vacuole (plant cell)
filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid.
organ
a structure made up of a group of tissues working tougher to preform body functions
organ system
a group of organs with related functions, working together to preform body functions
organelle
a structure within the cell
organism
a living thing
tissue
a group of cells with similar structures working together to preform specific functions
photosynthesis
the fundamental process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light.
root hair cell (specialised)
plant roots have many of these. elongated section increases surface area to absorb water
chlorphyll
a green, light-absorbing pigment found inside chloroplasts in plant cells
chloroplast
an organelle found in some plant cells, which contains chlorophyll and where photosynthesis takes place
concentration gradient
a difference in the concentration if molecules in different regions. molecules may more passively down this gradient to reach equilibrium
cell sap
a solution of sugars and other substances inside the vacuole of a plant cell
active transport
the moment of particles in or out of a cell through the cell membrane, from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration against a concentration gradient using energy released during respiration.
diffusion
the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient.
cellulose
a polysaccharide carbohydrates which forms fibres and is found in the cell walls of plants
osmosis
the diffusion of water molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
flaccid
a cell that has lost a lot of water, becoming soft
turgid cell
a plant cell that has absorbed water and has cytoplasm that is pressing outward on the cell wall
animals
multicellular organisms
bacteria
single-celled organisms many are harmless and beneficial, some are pathogens .
fungi
organisms that reproduce by spores or budding and live as parasites for example moulds, yeasts and mushrooms, they possess cell walls made form chitin
pathogen
a micro-organisme
plants
multicellular organisms which possess cellulose cell walls, they obtains energy by photosynthesis
protoctists
unicellular organisms considered separate from fungi, plants and animals, but which have features shared with the animal plant kingdoms
viruses
parasites consisting of DNA core surrounded by a protein coat, not considered to be living
