Bio enzyme test Flashcards
formula
new-old/old x 100
how does temp affect enzyme activity
Enzymes work best at an optimum temperature.
If the temperature is too low, reactions slow down.
If it’s too high, enzymes denature, meaning their active site changes shape and they stop working.
how is the small intestine adapted for absorbtion ( villi, micro villi, blood capillaries, surface area stuff) 5 mark question
Villi – These are tiny finger-like projections that increase the surface area, allowing more efficient absorption of nutrients.
Microvilli – Found on the surface of villi, these further increase the surface area for even faster absorption.
Thin walls (one-cell thick epithelium) – This provides a short diffusion distance, making it easier for nutrients to pass into the bloodstream.
Rich blood capillary network – The villi contain many blood capillaries, which help transport absorbed glucose and amino acids into the bloodstream quickly.
Lacteals (part of the lymphatic system) – These absorb fats and fatty acids, which are then transported around the body.
what is an enzyme
An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in the body without being used up. Enzymes are made of proteins and have a specific active site that binds to a particular substrate.
ingestion
Taking food into the body through the mouth
digestion
breaking down food into smaller molecules that the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and repair. enzymes breaking down food molecules.
egesation
Removal of faeces (waste that has passed through the body, never entering cells) by the body
what happens if there is not enough dietary fibre in your diet and fresh fruit
Constipation – Fibre helps move food through the digestive system; without it, stools become hard and difficult to pass.
Lack of essential vitamins – Fresh fruit provides important vitamins (like Vitamin C and A) and antioxidants, which help keep the immune system strong and support overall health.
it can cause scurvey
CROMMSS
The independent variable in this experiment is the type of enzyme detergent used. [Change] Three different enzyme detergents (Detergent A, Detergent B, and Detergent C) will be tested.[Organism] The biological material involved in this experiment is fabric stained with a biological substance, such as egg yolk, grease. [Organism]
[Repeat] To ensure reliability, the experiment will be repeated three times for each detergent.
[Measure]The dependent variable will be the time taken for the stain to completely disappear. Each stained fabric sample will be placed in a beaker containing a fixed volume of water and a measured amount of detergent. The fabric will be stirred at a constant speed, and the time taken for the stain to fully disappear will be recorded using a stopwatch.
[Same/Control] Several control variables will be kept the same to maintain a fair test. All fabric pieces will be of the same material, size, and thickness. The same type and amount of stain will be applied uniformly across all samples. The same volume of water, temperature (e.g., 40°C), and detergent concentration will be maintained for all trials. Additionally, the method of stirring will be kept constant, ensuring that the removal of the stain is due to the effectiveness of the detergent rather than external factors.
The detergent that removes the stain in the shortest time will be determined to be the most effective.
starch test
Iodine
positive: Blue black
Negative: yellow or brown
glucose test
benedicts
positive: brick red
negative: blue
what is active transport
Active transport is the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, from a low concentration to a high concentration, using energy (ATP) from respiration.
assimilation
When digested food molecules are absorbed into cells from the blood to build new parts of cells
osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration, across a partially permeable membrane.
where is bile produced and stored
produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
