Cells and Functions

Question 1

Are tiny, bilobed, dark bodies made of proteins and one variety of RNA. It is the actual sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

Answer 1

Ribosomes

Question 2

It generates most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Answer 2

Mitochondria

Question 3

It serves as a mini circulatory system for the cell because it provides a network of channels for carrying substances (primarily proteins) from one part of the cell to another.

Answer 3

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 4

An important role in providing structural support for other organelles and in allowing transport of molecules across the cell.

Answer 4

Cytosols

Question 5

Are stored nutrients/deutoplasmic substances, secretory products, and pigment granules.

Answer 5

Inclusions

Question 6

It is the cellular material outside the nucleus and the inside the plasma membrane. It is the most cellular activities, and the factory floor of the cell.

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

A double membrane barrier called _______

Answer 7

Nuclear Envelope

Question 8

Three main regions of cells are ______,________,______

Answer 8

Nucleus, Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm

Question 9

The structural units of all living things, from one-celled organisms such as amoebas to complex multicellar organisms such as humans, dogs, and trees.

Answer 9

Cells

Question 10

It is especially abundant in cells that make synthesize and export (secrete) protein—– for example, pancreatic cells, which produce digestive enzymes to be delivered to small intestines.

Answer 10

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 11

It communicates with rough variety, it plays no role in protein synthesis because it lacks ribosomes. Instead it functions in lipid metabolism (cholesterol and fat synthesis and breakdown) and detoxification of drugs and pesticides.

Answer 11

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 12

Its major function is to modify, package, and ship proteins (sent to it by the rough ER via transport vesicles) in specific ways, depending on their final destination.

Answer 12

Golgi Apparatus

Question 13

They are capable of digesting worn-out or non-usable cell structures and most foreign substances that enter the cell, lysosomes function as cellular “stomachs”. Are abundant in white blood cells called phagocytes, the cells that dispose of bacteria and cell debris.

Answer 13

Lysosomes

Question 14

Are membranous sacs containing powerful oxidase enzymes that use molecular oxygen to detoxify a number of harmful or poisonous substances, including alcohol and formaldehyde?

Answer 14

Peroxisomes

Question 15

Acts as a cell “bones and muscles by furnishing an internal framework that determines cell shape, supports other organelles and provides the machinery for intracellular transport and various types of cellular movements.

Answer 15

Cytoskeleton

Question 16

Are best known for their role in generating microtubules and also for directing the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division.

Answer 16

Centrioles

Question 17

Are whiplike cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface.

Answer 17

Cilia

Question 18

Site of ribosome subunit manufacture.

Answer 18

Nucleolus

Question 19

Support the cell and give it shape. Involved in intracellular movements. Form centrioles and cilia and flagella, if present.

Answer 19

Microtubules

Question 20

It is the process by which molecules (and ions) move away from areas where they are more concentrated (more numerous) to areas where they are less concentrated (with fewer of them).

Answer 20

Diffusion

Question 21

The unassisted diffusion of solutes through the plasma membrane (or any selectively permeable membrane) is called simple diffusion.

Answer 21

Simple Diffusion

Question 22

Provides passage for certain needed substances (notably glucose) that are both lipid-insoluble and too large to pass through the membrane pores, or charged, as in the case of chloride ions passing through a membrane protein channel.

Answer 22

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 23

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable such as the plasma membrane is specifically called ______.

Answer 23

Osmosis

Question 24

Is the process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle. These can include things like nutrients to support the cell or pathogens that immune cells engulf and destroy.

Answer 24

Endocytosis

Question 25

Is an energy-consuming process that expels secretory vesicles containing nanoparticles (or other chemicals) out of the cell membranes into the extracellular space. Generally, these membrane-bound vesicles contain soluble proteins, membrane proteins, and lipids to be secreted to the extracellular environment

Answer 25

Exocytosis

Question 26

It is responsible for molecular traffic between a variety of specific membrane-enclosed compartments. The selectivity of such transport is therefore key to maintaining the functional organization of the cell.

Answer 26

Vesicular Transport

Question 27

Cell activity is regulated by enzymes and DNA controls enzyme production.

Answer 27

Protein Synthesis

Question 28

Movement of solid material in the cells.

Answer 28

Phagocytosis

Question 29

Eight Types of movement across the cell membrane.

Answer 29

Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration, Facilitated Diffusion, Active Transport, Secondary Active Transport, Endocytosis, Exocytosis.