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Science Y9 > Cells And Diffusion Biology Topic 1 > Flashcards

Cells And Diffusion Biology Topic 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the parts of the animal cell?

A

Mitochondria, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Nucleus, Cytoplasm

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2
Q

What are the parts of the plant cell?

A

Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Vacuole, Chloroplasts, Ribosomes, Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Nucleus

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3
Q

What parts of the cells do plants have but not animal cells?

A

Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, Vacuole

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4
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Make proteins

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5
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

Keeps the cell turgid. Filled with cell sap

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6
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Supports the cell. Made of cellulose

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7
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

Where most chemical reactions of the cell happens

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8
Q

What is the function of cell membrane?

A

Controls what substances go in and out of the cell

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9
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Stores the cells DNA. It also controls the activities of the cell

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10
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

The site of aerobic respiration. Found in the cytoplasm

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11
Q

What are Eukaryotic cells?

A

Cells that contain a nucleus. Multicellular.

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12
Q

What are Prokaryotic cells?

A

No nucleus. Single called organisms

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13
Q

What are the types of lenses in a microscope and what is their use?

A

• Eye piece lens - Look through this lens to see sample. Often x10 mag.

• Objective lenses - Usually three magnifications to choose from. (often x5,x10,x25) Smallest mag will be easiest to focus

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14
Q

What are the two knobs on the microscope called?

A

Coarse focus knob (Fast one)
Fine focus knob (Slow one)

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15
Q

Where is the specimen placed to be seen by the microscope?

A

On the stage

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16
Q

What is the use of a stain when looking at a specimen under a microscope?

A

Easily view organelles and structures
Increase contrast

17
Q

What is the use of a coverslip when using a microscope?

A

Specimen doesn’t dry out
Helps remove air bubbles
Hold specimen in place

18
Q

What is the pyramid for the magnification equation?

A

_
/ I \
/———\
/ A x M. \

19
Q

What is the equation to find the image size?

A

Actual Size*Magnification

20
Q

What is the equation to find the magnification?

A

Image Size/Actual Size

21
Q

What is the equation to find the actual size?

A

Image Size/Magnification

22
Q

What is a specialised cell?

A

A cell that has adapted special features to complete a certain function

23
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell replication that produces two identical copies of a diploid cell

24
Q

What is dna?

A

The genetic material found in all living things

25
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of a chromosome made form dna that carries the code to make a protein

26
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

The structure containing dna. Found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells

27
Q

What is a genome?

A

One copy of all dna found in your diploid body cells

28
Q

What are the events of mitosis?

A

1) Sub-cellular structures and chromosomes duplicate
2) The nucleus disappears
3) Chromosomes move to the equator (middle) and line up
4) Each part of a chromosome pair is pulled to the poles
5) The dividing/splitting of cytoplasm and cell membrane to create new cells (Cytokinesis)
6) Makes two genetically identical daughter cells

29
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

An undifferentiated cell that can differentiate itself into one or more type of specialised cell to perform a function

30
Q

What are some differences between embryonic stem cells (ESC) and adult stem cells (ASC) ?

A

• ESC are most of the specialised cells in the body, ASC also in the body only in specific parts (eg bone barrow)
• ESC are totipotent (become any cell) ASC are pluripotent (limited)

31
Q

What is rejection?

A

When cells from organ donations, which did not originate from the recipients body, can be recognised as foreign and trigger an immune repose where white blood cells attack those cells.

32
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of adult stem cells?

A

Adv=

• Can differentiate even once organism is developed
• Found in bone borrow in the ribs
• Able to treat heart diseases

Disadv:

• Difficult to locate
• Risk of infection
• Need to drill into ribs to find stem cells in bone barrow
• Can cause cancer or a tumour if performed incorrectly

33
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of embryonic stem cells?

A

Adv=

• Can develop to any type of cell
• Found in early stage of human growth

Disadv=

• Risk of rejection
• Has to be tested
• Found in embryos, can be controversial
• Need consent
• Religion

34
Q

What are sources of stem cells?

A

• Embryonic stem cells
- Many from spare embryos from IVF treatment

•Umbilical cords
-Would otherwise be disposed at birth

•Bone marrow
-Painful

•Therapeutic cloning

Science Y9 (3 decks)

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