Atoms And Elements Chemistry Topic 1

Question 1

What is the relative mass of the proton?

Answer 1

1

Question 2

What is the relative mass of the neutron?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

What is the relative mass of the electron?

Answer 3

Very small

Question 4

What is the relative charge of the proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 4

Proton=+1(positive)
Neutron=0(neutral)
Electron=-1(negative)

Question 5

What does the relative atomic mass tell us about how many protons and neutrons are in the element?

Answer 5

The relative atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons added together

Question 6

What does the atomic number tell us about the number of electrons and protons in the element?

Answer 6

The atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons

Question 7

What is the capacity for the first 3 electron shells

Answer 7

2,8,8

Question 8

What is an isotope?

Answer 8

Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

Question 9

Why is the overall charge of atoms neutral?

Answer 9

Because there are the same number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons. Since they have the same amount it will be neutral

Question 10

What is an ion?

Answer 10

An ion is an atom that has a positive or negative charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons

Question 11

What charge do the group 1 elements have?

Answer 11

+1. They lose an electron

Question 12

Describe and explain the reaction trend of the group 1 metals

Answer 12

•Reactivity decreases down the group
•Only needs to lose one electron
•The atomic radius increases (atom gets bigger) so attraction between positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electron is weaker since it is further away and there are more shells blocking the attraction
•This makes the electron easier to lose and therefore makes it more reactive

Question 13

Sodium + water -> ?

Answer 13

Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 14

What was the first theory of the atom who theorised this and what did it suggest?

Answer 14

The dalton model,Dalton,idea that everything was made of particles called atoms

Question 15

Who created the plum pudding model and what is it?

Answer 15

•JJ Thomson
•Electron was discovered. Led to a model of a ball of positive charge with electrons embedded inside it

Question 16

What is the nuclear model and who discovered it?

Answer 16

•Rutherford originally did
•Mass of the atom in the positively charged nucleus. Electrons surround the nucleus
•(Bohr added) Electrons orbit at specific distances
•(Chadwick added) Neutrons in nucleus

Question 17

What did Dimitri Mendeleev order the periodic table by?

Answer 17

•By order of atomic mass

Question 18

What are compounds?

Answer 18

Two or more elements that are chemically bonded together

Question 19

Compounds made of metals and non metals contain ions held together with_

Answer 19

Ionic bonds

Question 20

Non metal compounds have _ bonds

Answer 20

Covalent

Question 21

CO’3 = _

Answer 21

Carbonate

Question 22

Halogens (g7) exist as diatomic molecules. What does this mean?

Answer 22

They exist in pairs of atoms joined by covalent bonds. Example: I’2 Br’2

Question 23

Describe and explain the pattern of reactivity of group 7

Answer 23

•Reactivity decreases down the group
•Only need to gain 1 electron to fill outer shell
•Atomic radius increases down the group. Outer shell electron further away from positively charged nucleus. Also other electron shells weaken attraction
•Less reaction because less attraction between positively charged nucleus (because of the positively charged proton) and the negatively charged electron meaning that it is harder to attract the electron being gained to the out shell

Question 24

What is displacement?

Answer 24

A reaction when a more reactive halogen takes the place of a less reactive halogen in a compound

Question 25

Why are group 8 elements (noble gases) very unreactive?

Answer 25

They already have a full outer shell

Question 26

What is a mixture?

Answer 26

Two or more substances that are not chemically joined together

Question 27

What is the solvent and solute?

Answer 27

Solvent-The substance that can dissolve the solute (eg water)

Solute-The substance that does dissolve (eg salt)

Question 28

What is a solution?

Answer 28

A mixture of a solute and solvent

Question 29

What does filtration separate?

Answer 29

Separates an insoluble solid from a liquid

Like separating sand from water

Question 30

What does simple distillation separate?

Answer 30

The solvent from a solution

Like pure water from sea water

Question 31

What does chromatography separate?

Answer 31

Separates mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent

Like separating inks

Question 32

What is the method of distillation?
I can’t put a picture sorry :(

Answer 32

1) Salt solution into flask
2) Heat solution
3)Salt solution evaporates to gas
4)Gas passes to the condenser
5)Salt doesn’t evaporate and stays in beaker
6)Cold water pass through condenser, cools gas down
7)Gas turn back to liquid
8)Liquid run down the inside of condenser into beaker. This is distilled water

Question 33

I’m chromatography, what does it suggest if one ink rises further up than another ink in a set time?

Answer 33

The dye is more soluble and rises further

Question 34

What is the equation to find the relative atomic mass?

Answer 34

(Total mass of all atoms of that element) over (total number of atoms of that element)

Question 35

What are some key facts about Dimitri Mendeleev?

Answer 35

•Created the periodic table
•He left gaps for undiscovered elements
•He predicted the properties of the undiscovered elements
•He combined the two ways people were ordering the element which was properties and mass