Atoms And Elements Chemistry Topic 1 Flashcards
What is the relative mass of the proton?
1
What is the relative mass of the neutron?
1
What is the relative mass of the electron?
Very small
What is the relative charge of the proton, neutron and electron?
Proton=+1(positive)
Neutron=0(neutral)
Electron=-1(negative)
What does the relative atomic mass tell us about how many protons and neutrons are in the element?
The relative atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons added together
What does the atomic number tell us about the number of electrons and protons in the element?
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons
What is the capacity for the first 3 electron shells
2,8,8
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons
Why is the overall charge of atoms neutral?
Because there are the same number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons. Since they have the same amount it will be neutral
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom that has a positive or negative charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons
What charge do the group 1 elements have?
+1. They lose an electron
Describe and explain the reaction trend of the group 1 metals
•Reactivity decreases down the group
•Only needs to lose one electron
•The atomic radius increases (atom gets bigger) so attraction between positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electron is weaker since it is further away and there are more shells blocking the attraction
•This makes the electron easier to lose and therefore makes it more reactive
Sodium + water -> ?
Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
What was the first theory of the atom who theorised this and what did it suggest?
The dalton model,Dalton,idea that everything was made of particles called atoms
Who created the plum pudding model and what is it?
•JJ Thomson
•Electron was discovered. Led to a model of a ball of positive charge with electrons embedded inside it
What is the nuclear model and who discovered it?
•Rutherford originally did
•Mass of the atom in the positively charged nucleus. Electrons surround the nucleus
•(Bohr added) Electrons orbit at specific distances
•(Chadwick added) Neutrons in nucleus
What did Dimitri Mendeleev order the periodic table by?
•By order of atomic mass
What are compounds?
Two or more elements that are chemically bonded together
Compounds made of metals and non metals contain ions held together with_
Ionic bonds
Non metal compounds have _ bonds
Covalent
CO’3 = _
Carbonate
Halogens (g7) exist as diatomic molecules. What does this mean?
They exist in pairs of atoms joined by covalent bonds. Example: I’2 Br’2
Describe and explain the pattern of reactivity of group 7
•Reactivity decreases down the group
•Only need to gain 1 electron to fill outer shell
•Atomic radius increases down the group. Outer shell electron further away from positively charged nucleus. Also other electron shells weaken attraction
•Less reaction because less attraction between positively charged nucleus (because of the positively charged proton) and the negatively charged electron meaning that it is harder to attract the electron being gained to the out shell
What is displacement?
A reaction when a more reactive halogen takes the place of a less reactive halogen in a compound