Cells and control

Question 1

How many chromosomes do humans have and what is the name of this

Answer 1

23 pairs, 46 overall- Diploid

Question 2

What is a gamete

Answer 2

A haploid cell with 23 chromosomes such as sperm or egg cell

Question 3

What are the steps of the cell cycle

Answer 3

Interphase,Prophase,Metaphase,
Anaphase,Telephase,Cytokenisis

Question 4

What happens in interphase

Answer 4

Genetic material duplicates

Question 5

What happens in prophase

Answer 5

Chromosomes condense and spindle fibres form

Question 6

What happens in metaphase

Answer 6

Chromosomes line up in the middle

Question 7

What happens in anaphase

Answer 7

Chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends

Question 8

What happens in telophase

Answer 8

Organelles duplicate,and nuclei form

Question 9

What happens in cytokinesis

Answer 9

Cell divides into two genetically identical diploid daughter cells

Question 10

Why is mitosis important

Answer 10

Growth and repair,asexual reproduction

Question 11

What are stem cells

Answer 11

Cells that can differentiate to perform specific functions

Question 12

Where are stem cells found

Answer 12

Animal embryos and plant meristems

Question 13

What do embryo clones do

Answer 13

Used to treat conditions without being rejected by the patients body

Question 14

How does plant growth occur

Answer 14

By cell division, differentiation and elongation

Question 15

What is elongation

Answer 15

Cells grow longer in a specific direction by absorbing water into there vacuoles and this is controlled by auxins

Question 16

How does cancer occur

Answer 16

By uncontrolled cell division which leads to tumours

Question 17

What does CNS stand for

Answer 17

Control nervous system

Question 18

What nerves do the CNS control

Answer 18

Brain and spinal cord

Question 19

What does PNS stand for

Answer 19

Peripheral nervous system

Question 20

What is the Cerebal Cortex responsible for

Answer 20

Memory,speech and problem solving

Question 21

What is the Cerebellum responsible for

Answer 21

Controls motor skills like movement,balance and coordination

Question 22

What is the medulla oblongata responsible for

Answer 22

Responsible for unconscious actions such as breathing and sneezing

Question 23

What is the path for a nervous system response

Answer 23

Stimulus → Receptor → Coordinator (CNS) → Effector → Response

Question 24

Give the steps for a nervous system response

Answer 24

Stimulus
Receptor: Detects stimulus
Sensory neurone: Sends signal to CNS.
Relay neurone: Transfers signal inside CNS.
Motor neurone: Sends signal to effector
Effector: Carries out response.

Question 25

What is the path for a reflex arc

Answer 25

Stimulus → Sensory neurone → Relay neurone → Motor neurone → Response

Question 26

What is the steps of a reflex arc

Answer 26

1)Stimulus is detected by receptors 2)Impulses are sent along a sensory neuron 3)In the CNS the impulses passes to a relay neuron 4)Impulses are sent along a motor 5)Motor neuron carries the impulse from the spinal cord to an effector 6)The muscle or glands respond

Question 27

How do CT scans work

Answer 27

Use x rays to detect tumours and brain injuries

Question 28

How do PET scans work

Answer 28

Use radiation to study brain activity

Question 29

MRI scans

Answer 29

Uses strong magnetic fields to diagnose tumours

Question 30

What is the function of the cornea

Answer 30

Bends light

Question 31

What is the function of the lens

Answer 31

Focuses light

Question 32

What is the function of the Iris

Answer 32

controls pupil size, when the light is bright pupils contract and get smaller

Question 33

What is the function of the retina

Answer 33

Contains light receptors

Question 34

What is the function of the optic nerve

Answer 34

Sends signals to the brain

Question 35

What is short sighted and how do you fix it

Answer 35

Cant see far and you a concave lens

Question 36

What is Long sighted and how do you fix it

Answer 36

Cant see near ,fix with corvex lens

Question 37

What happens when focusing on a near object

Answer 37

The cillary muscles contract, suspensory ligaments loosen and lens get thicker which reflects light more

Question 38

What happens when focusing on a distant object

Answer 38

The cillary muscles relax, suspensory ligaments tighten and lens get thinner which reflects light less

Question 39

What is a cataract

Answer 39

A clouding of the lens in the eye which prevents light from reaching the retina

Question 40

How are cataracts treated

Answer 40

Surgery to replace lens, contact lens

Question 41

What causes colour blidness

Answer 41

When there are not enough cone cells in the retina