Cells and control Flashcards
What is MITOSIS?
when a cell divides by mitosis it makes 2 identical to the original- the nucleus of each new cell contains the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
What is mitosis used for?
to grow or replace cells that have been damaged
Order of mitosis and cell cycle
1) interphase
2) prophase
3) metaphase
4) anaphase
5) telophase
6) cytokinesis
What happens during INTERPHASE?
the chromosomes are copied
the cell is between cell division
What happens during PROPHASE?
spindle fibres form in the cell and the nuclear membrane starts to break down and the chromosomes lie free in the cytoplasm
What happens during METAPHASE?
the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
What happens during ANAPHASE?
spindles pull the chromosomes apart
What happens during TELOPHASE?
the nucleus has divided and nuclei start to form
What happens during CYTOKINESIS?
a cell membrane divides the cells
Results of changes in cells lead to uncontrolled cell divison
CANCER
>the rate at which cells divide is uncontrolled by genes
>the cell may start to divide uncontrollably
>can result in a mass of abnormal cells/ tumor
> if the tumor invades and destroys surrounding tissues it can cause cancer
What is CELL DIFFERENTIATION?
the process by which a cell changes to become specialized for its job. multicellular organisms work more effectively
What is CELL ELONGATION?
where a plant cell expands making the cell bigger and so making the plant grow
