Cells and Chromosomes Flashcards
Which cell type has a nucleus?
Eukaryotes
What are the 2 main cell types?
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
What is the liquid interior of a cell called?
Cytoplasm
Name the 2 most important organelles
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What are the 2 basic types of eukaryotes?
Somatic and sex cells
Which type of cell division is which?
Somatic - mitosis
Sex - meiosis
Name the 2 varieties of chromosomes
Autosomal & Sex
The number of chromosomes held b a particular organism is called what?
What are humans?
What is one set called?
Ploidy
A humans policy is diploid (2)
One set such as sex are haploid
What is the middle part of a chromosome called?
Centromere - where the centromere is defines it’s shape
What are the ends of a chromosome called?
Telomeres
What is important about telomeres?
Made of densely packed DNA to help preserve the DNA message that the chromosome carries
Chromosome? DNA? Gene? How do they relate?
Chromosomes carry genes which are made up of sections of DNA
DNA ——-> Genes ——–> Chromosomes
Make up Make up
Small——-> bigger ——–> biggest
Name the types of chromosomes based on their centromeres
Central - metacentric
Just off centre - submetacentric
Near the edge - acrocentric
The weird one - telocentric
What is each point on a chromosome called?
Locus. Plural is loci (pronounced low-sigh)
