cells and cell division

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of cell theory?

Answer 1

1. Cells are the basic functional and structural units of life
2. All the cells come from pre-existing cells
3. All living things are made from one or more cells or from products of cells

Question 2

Cell types…
(with an example)

Answer 2

Prokaryote cells (bacteria)
Eukaryotic cells (plant and animals)

Question 3

Characteristics of a prokaryote cell

Answer 3

No nucleus
No membrane bound organelles (no mitrochondria)
Single circular chromosome
Plasmid

Question 4

Draw and label a prokaryotic cell

Answer 4

answer on page 6

Question 5

What is the mesosome in a prokaryote cell?

Answer 5

site of aerobic cellular respiration

Question 6

Aerobic cellular respiration definition

Answer 6

the release of energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen

Question 7

What does the plasmid and single chromosome do in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 7

controls cellular function by coding for proteins

Question 8

Where can we find DNA in a prokaryote cell?

Answer 8

cytosol

Question 9

What do SOME prokaryote cells have?
EXAMPLES

Answer 9

additional structures
Flagella - a hairlike appendage that protrudes motility
Pili - short, hairlike structures on the cell surface

Question 10

Draw a Eukaryote cell
ANIMAL

Answer 10

see page 8

Question 11

Characteristics of eukaryote cell

Answer 11

contains a nucleus
membrane bound organelles (mitochondria)
multiple linear chromosomes in the nucleus

Question 12

DEF for plasma membrane

Answer 12

regulates inputs and outputs of the cell

Question 13

DEF for cytosol

Answer 13

fluid part of the cell where some chemical reactions occur

Question 14

DEF for nucleus

Answer 14

contains DNA which cellular functions by coding for protein

Question 15

What do multiple linear chromosomes do in eukaryote cells?

Answer 15

The DNA is stored in the nucleus which has multiple linear chromosomes

Question 16

DEF ribosomes

Answer 16

site of protein synthesis

Question 17

What is the specific ribosome number for a eukaryote cell?

Answer 17

80s ribosomes

Question 18

What is the specific ribosome number for prokaryotic cells?

Answer 18

70s ribosomes

Question 19

QUESTION - compare two differences between the bacterium E.coli and a muscle cell.
(2 marks)

Answer 19

A bacterium E.coli lacks a nucleus WHEREAS a muscle cell contains a nucleus
A bacterium E.coli cell lacks a membrane bound organelles WHEREAS muscle cells contain membrane bound organelles

Question 20

QUESTION ON THE TOP OF PAGE 15 - Justify whether the following is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell.
(2 marks)

Answer 20

Eukaryotic cell as this cell contains a nucleus WHEREAS prokaryotic cells do not. This cell also contains membrane bound organelles WHEREAS prokaryotic cells do not

Question 21

QUESTION - List all of the organelles that needed to be included in the drawing of a bacteria

Answer 21

Cell wall
Plasma Membrane
70s ribosomes
Cytosol
Single circular chromosome
plasmid
mesosome

Question 22

What is the structure that surrounds the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 22

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

Compare the DNA in a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

Answer 23

Prokaryotic cells have DNA as a single circular chromosome and plasmid WHEREAS Eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes

Eukaryotic cells have DNA stored in the nucleus WHEREAS prokaryotic cells have DNA stored in the cytosol

Question 24

Where is DNA stored in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 24

in the cytosol

Question 25

DEF mitochondria

Answer 25

Site of aerobic cellular respiration

Question 26

Aerobiv cellular respiration worded equation

Answer 26

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 27

DEF lysosome

Answer 27

contains digestive enzymes for the destruction of unwanted cellular material

Question 28

Draw and label a plant cell

Answer 28

page 26

Question 29

DEF of chloroplast Where are they found?

Answer 29

Site of photosynthesis Only in plant cells

Question 30

What parts of an animal cell are only in an animal cell but not in a plant cell?

Answer 30

Lysosome

Question 31

What parts of a plant cell are only in a plant cell but not an animal cell?

Answer 31

Cellulose cell wall Chloroplast Permanent Vacuole

Question 32

What is the theory of endosymbiosis?

Answer 32

A prokaryotic cell was engulfed by another larger cell this resulted in the eukaryotic cell that has organelles that resemble prokaryotes

Question 33

What is the evidence of theory of endosymbiosis happening?

Answer 33

Double membrane Bacterial ribosomal RNA Own DNA genome size

Question 34

Draw the endosymbiosis diagram

Answer 34

page 29

Question 35

Identify which features of a chloroplast act as evidence for the theory of endosymbiosis

Answer 35

Double membrane Own DNA genome Bacterial ribosomal RNA (70s)

Question 36

DEF cell wall

Answer 36

Provides structure and support to the cell

Question 37

DEF permanent vacuole

Answer 37

Storage of cell sap

Question 38

Draw and label and animal cell showing the protein production pathway

Answer 38

page 45

Question 39

What are proteins also known as?

Answer 39

polypeptide

Question 40

What is an organelle?

Answer 40

sub cellular structures that carry out a specific role within a cell

Question 41

DEF of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 41

folding and transport of polypeptide into transport vesicles

Question 42

DEF transport vesicle

Answer 42

transports proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus

Question 43

DEF Golgi apparatus

Answer 43

FINAL modification and packaging of proteins into the secretory vesicle

Question 44

DEF secretory vesicle

Answer 44

allow protein to be secreted out of the cell by exocytosis

Question 45

Describe the function of the mitochondira in the protein production pathway

Answer 45

Aerobic Cellular respiration this means that mitochondria provide energy required for protein production

Question 46

Explain what would not occur in a patient with this skin condition? (page 50)

Answer 46

BECAUSE there would be no final modification and packaging of the pigment into the secretory vesicles, THEN the pigment protein would not be secreted out of the cell. Therefore leading to the hypo-pigmented areas

Question 47

State the organelles involved in the synthesis of a protein for export out of a cell, in order

Answer 47

Nucleus - 80s ribosomes - RER - transport vesicle - Golgi apparatus - secretory vesicle

Question 48

Define mitosis

Answer 48

mitosis is the process by which the nucleus of a somatic cell replicates or divides

Question 49

Give two organelle examples of the theory of endosmosis

Answer 49

mitochondrion chloroplasts

Question 50

What do you do to get the overall magnification?

Answer 50

times the lenses together

Question 51

What happens to the field of view as the magnification increases

Answer 51

we see a smaller proportion of the field of view due to the increase of magnification

Question 52

Why use thin samples for a wet mount slide?

Answer 52

so light can pass through it and we are able to see the sample

Question 53

Why add water for a wet mount slide experiment?

Answer 53

prevents the sample drying out

Question 54

What is methylene blue satin used for

Answer 54

stain nucleus stains the chromosomes in the nucleus

Question 55

what is the iodine stain used for

Answer 55

plant cells stains the cell wall and nucleus

Question 56

What stain would we use to see chromosomes in the nucleus

Answer 56

methylene blue

Question 57

what stain would we use to see the cell wall of a plant cell

Answer 57

iodine stain

Question 58

state 2 differences between a light and electron microscope

Answer 58

A light microscope has low resolving power whereas an electron microscope has a high resolving power making it have a higher magnification Light microscope the specimenq has to be stained whereas in a electron microscope the specimen is coated by heavy metals in order to reflect electrons

Question 59

state the 3 steps in making a wet mount slide

Answer 59

Place a drop of water to keep the cells alive for longer. Place a thin piece of the sample of a microscope slide to allow light to go through it. Place a drop of stain to see organelles or chromsomes. Use a paper towel to draw this through so there is no excess. Put a coverslip ontop of this.