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BIOLOGY YEAR 10 (CREATED BY ME) > cells and cell division > Flashcards

cells and cell division Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 parts of cell theory?

A
  1. Cells are the basic functional and structural units of life
  2. All the cells come from pre-existing cells
  3. All living things are made from one or more cells or from products of cells
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2
Q

Cell types…
(with an example)

A

Prokaryote cells (bacteria)
Eukaryotic cells (plant and animals)

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3
Q

Characteristics of a prokaryote cell

A

No nucleus
No membrane bound organelles (no mitrochondria)
Single circular chromosome
Plasmid

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4
Q

Draw and label a prokaryotic cell

A

answer on page 6

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5
Q

What is the mesosome in a prokaryote cell?

A

site of aerobic cellular respiration

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6
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration definition

A

the release of energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen

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7
Q

What does the plasmid and single chromosome do in a prokaryotic cell?

A

controls cellular function by coding for proteins

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8
Q

Where can we find DNA in a prokaryote cell?

A

cytosol

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9
Q

What do SOME prokaryote cells have?
EXAMPLES

A

additional structures
Flagella - a hairlike appendage that protrudes motility
Pili - short, hairlike structures on the cell surface

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10
Q

Draw a Eukaryote cell
ANIMAL

A

see page 8

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11
Q

Characteristics of eukaryote cell

A

contains a nucleus
membrane bound organelles (mitochondria)
multiple linear chromosomes in the nucleus

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12
Q

DEF for plasma membrane

A

regulates inputs and outputs of the cell

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13
Q

DEF for cytosol

A

fluid part of the cell where some chemical reactions occur

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14
Q

DEF for nucleus

A

contains DNA which cellular functions by coding for protein

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15
Q

What do multiple linear chromosomes do in eukaryote cells?

A

The DNA is stored in the nucleus which has multiple linear chromosomes

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16
Q

DEF ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

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17
Q

What is the specific ribosome number for a eukaryote cell?

A

80s ribosomes

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18
Q

What is the specific ribosome number for prokaryotic cells?

A

70s ribosomes

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19
Q

QUESTION - compare two differences between the bacterium E.coli and a muscle cell.
(2 marks)

A

A bacterium E.coli lacks a nucleus WHEREAS a muscle cell contains a nucleus
A bacterium E.coli cell lacks a membrane bound organelles WHEREAS muscle cells contain membrane bound organelles

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20
Q

QUESTION ON THE TOP OF PAGE 15 - Justify whether the following is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell.
(2 marks)

A

Eukaryotic cell as this cell contains a nucleus WHEREAS prokaryotic cells do not. This cell also contains membrane bound organelles WHEREAS prokaryotic cells do not

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21
Q

QUESTION - List all of the organelles that needed to be included in the drawing of a bacteria

A

Cell wall
Plasma Membrane
70s ribosomes
Cytosol
Single circular chromosome
plasmid
mesosome

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22
Q

What is the structure that surrounds the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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23
Q

Compare the DNA in a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

A

Prokaryotic cells have DNA as a single circular chromosome and plasmid WHEREAS Eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes

Eukaryotic cells have DNA stored in the nucleus WHEREAS prokaryotic cells have DNA stored in the cytosol

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24
Q

Where is DNA stored in prokaryotic cells?

A

in the cytosol

25
Q

DEF mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic cellular respiration

26
Q

Aerobiv cellular respiration worded equation

A

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water

27
Q

DEF lysosome

A

contains digestive enzymes for the destruction of unwanted cellular material

28
Q

Draw and label a plant cell

A

page 26

29
Q

DEF of chloroplast
Where are they found?

A

Site of photosynthesis
Only in plant cells

30
Q

What parts of an animal cell are only in an animal cell but not in a plant cell?

A

Lysosome

31
Q

What parts of a plant cell are only in a plant cell but not an animal cell?

A

Cellulose cell wall
Chloroplast
Permanent Vacuole

32
Q

What is the theory of endosymbiosis?

A

A prokaryotic cell was engulfed by another larger cell

this resulted in the eukaryotic cell that has organelles that resemble prokaryotes

33
Q

What is the evidence of theory of endosymbiosis happening?

A

Double membrane
Bacterial ribosomal RNA
Own DNA genome
size

34
Q

Draw the endosymbiosis diagram

A

page 29

35
Q

Identify which features of a chloroplast act as evidence for the theory of endosymbiosis

A

Double membrane
Own DNA genome
Bacterial ribosomal RNA (70s)

36
Q

DEF cell wall

A

Provides structure and support to the cell

37
Q

DEF permanent vacuole

A

Storage of cell sap

38
Q

Draw and label and animal cell showing the protein production pathway

A

page 45

39
Q

What are proteins also known as?

A

polypeptide

40
Q

What is an organelle?

A

sub cellular structures that carry out a specific role within a cell

41
Q

DEF of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

folding and transport of polypeptide into transport vesicles

42
Q

DEF transport vesicle

A

transports proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus

43
Q

DEF Golgi apparatus

A

FINAL modification and packaging of proteins into the secretory vesicle

44
Q

DEF secretory vesicle

A

allow protein to be secreted out of the cell by exocytosis

45
Q

Describe the function of the mitochondira in the protein production pathway

A

Aerobic Cellular respiration this means that mitochondria provide energy required for protein production

46
Q

Explain what would not occur in a patient with this skin condition?
(page 50)

A

BECAUSE there would be no final modification and packaging of the pigment into the secretory vesicles, THEN the pigment protein would not be secreted out of the cell. Therefore leading to the hypo-pigmented areas

47
Q

State the organelles involved in the synthesis of a protein for export out of a cell, in order

A

Nucleus - 80s ribosomes - RER - transport vesicle - Golgi apparatus - secretory vesicle

48
Q

Define mitosis

A

mitosis is the process by which the nucleus of a somatic cell replicates or divides

49
Q

Give two organelle examples of the theory of endosmosis

A

mitochondrion
chloroplasts

50
Q

What do you do to get the overall magnification?

A

times the lenses together

51
Q

What happens to the field of view as the magnification increases

A

we see a smaller proportion of the field of view due to the increase of magnification

52
Q

Why use thin samples for a wet mount slide?

A

so light can pass through it and we are able to see the sample

53
Q

Why add water for a wet mount slide experiment?

A

prevents the sample drying out

54
Q

What is methylene blue satin used for

A

stain nucleus
stains the chromosomes in the nucleus

55
Q

what is the iodine stain used for

A

plant cells
stains the cell wall and nucleus

56
Q

What stain would we use to see chromosomes in the nucleus

A

methylene blue

57
Q

what stain would we use to see the cell wall of a plant cell

A

iodine stain

58
Q

state 2 differences between a light and electron microscope

A

A light microscope has low resolving power whereas an electron microscope has a high resolving power making it have a higher magnification

Light microscope the specimenq has to be stained whereas in a electron microscope the specimen is coated by heavy metals in order to reflect electrons

59
Q

state the 3 steps in making a wet mount slide

A

Place a drop of water to keep the cells alive for longer.
Place a thin piece of the sample of a microscope slide to allow light to go through it.
Place a drop of stain to see organelles or chromsomes.
Use a paper towel to draw this through so there is no excess.
Put a coverslip ontop of this.

BIOLOGY YEAR 10 (CREATED BY ME) (4 decks)

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