Cells & anatomy of the immune system Flashcards
T cells and B cells originate from which progenitor cell?
Lymphoid progenitor
Which cells are derived from the myeloid progenitor?
Erythrocytes, platelets, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, and neutrophils
Name the three types a phagocytic cells
Macrophages (monocytes), neutrophils, and dendritic cells
What is the function of eosinophils and basophils?
Release toxic substances onto pathogens that are too large to be phagocytized
What are immature dendritic cells used for?
They circulate the blood and are used for sensing and transport
How are dendritic cells matured?
By pathogens stimulating them
What is the function of mature dendritic cells?
Processing and signaling
Define plasma cell
A fully differentiated B cell that produces a single type of antibody
What is the function of Helper T cells?
To stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and to signal to macrophages to be more efficient at killing engulfed pathogens
Name the primary lymphoid organs
Bone marrow and thymus
Name the secondary lymphoid organs
Lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal lymphoid tissues
Which cells have chemokine receptors?
neutrophils and monocytes
Which cells have pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)?
macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and lymphocytes
Define clonal selection
when there are many similar cells but each one has a different specificity. One will be selected based on the antigen being presented
Define clonal expansion
The selected specific cell undergoes massive division
What is the response cell in humoral immunity?
B lymphocytes that releases antibodies
What cells can respond in cell-mediated immunity?
Helper T cell or cytotoxic T cell
What is the main difference between passive and active immunity?
Both are specific, but only active immunity has memory
Name the antigen presenting cells
Dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells, circulating monocytes, and macrophages (migroglia in CNS, kupffer cells in liver, alveolar macrophages in lungs, osteoclasts in bone)
What is the target of the cytokine stem cell factor (c-kit)?
hematopoietic stem cells
What is the specialization of the red pulp section in the spleen?
Hematopoiesis and delivery
What is the specialization of the white pulp section?
immune responses and lymphoid
What do people who have undergone a splenectomy have trouble with in terms of immunity?
Blood-borne pathogens, ex. encapsulated bacteria
Which areas in the lymph node belong to B cells?
The primary follicle, primary follicle, and Germinal Centre
