Cells Alive Flashcards
How is energy released from ATP?
Hydrolysis of phosphoanhydride bonds
What is stage 1 of respiration?
Glucose ->pyruvate
Pyruvate-> acetyl-CoA
Fatty acids lose 2C at a time, these go to acetyl-CoA
Step 2 of respiration?
Acetyl CoA -> Krebs cycle
NADH and FADH2 produced
CO2 waste produced
Stage 3 of respiration?
NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to ETC
What’s the role of the 4 complexes in ox. phosphorylation
- NADH -> NAD
- FADH2 -> FAD
3. - 2H+ and 1/2O2 -> H2O
Where do H+ move from and where to?
What’s the pHs of these areas?
Matrix to inter membrane space
Matrix (pH 8) Intermembrane space (pH 9)
What does H+ flow cause in ATP synthase, and what does this cause?
Rotation of the transmembranous rotor domain stalk
Mechanical energy converted to chemical energy
What are the large pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria called, what’s the permeability?
Porins
Permeable to molecules of <5 kda
How are pyruvate and Pi transported, and how are ATP and ADP transported?
Driven by H+ gradient, co-transport in same direction.
Co-transported in opposite directions using charge gradient
What mediates passage of mitochondrial proteins into mitochondria?
Translocases of Outer (TOM) and Inner (TIM) Mirochondrial
Where are most mitochondrial proteins encoded and then produced?
Nucleus, produced in cytosolic ribosomes
Where does transcription and translation of mtDNA occur, and how is mtDNA inherited?
Matrix
Maternally inherited
Name 3 types of mitochondrial inhibitors
TCA cycle, Electron Transport, Mitochondrial Transporter
Name the 2 types of proteins in membranes and describe their attachment to the membrane
Integral (permanently attached) and Peripheral (temporarily)
