Building Blocks Flashcards
What us a biological lipid?
Classes of biological compounds that are generally insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Give some functions of lipids
Any from:
Energy storage, insulation, organ protection, water repellant, membrane structure, enzyme cofactors, signalling molecules, pigments, antioxidants, digestion, inflammation
Whats the name os a fatty acid when its not a component of another lipid?
Free fatty acid (FFA)
Whats the name for a single double bond-containing fatty acid, and a multiple double bond-containing fatty acid?
Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
Whats the effects of more double bonds?
More fluidity + lower melting point
Describe the nomenclature of: 18:1(Δ^9)cis-9-Octadecenoic acid
18 = 18 C long
:1 = 1 double bond
Δ^9 = beginning of double bond from α end (acid end)
Cis = H atoms both on same side of double bond (all natural FAs)
Whats the last carbon called?
How are omega-3 and omega-6 carbons recognised?
ω carbon
Omega-3: double bond starts at 3rd carbon from ω carbon
Omega-6: double bond starts at 6th carbon from ω carbon
Which 2 enzymes can hydrolyse ester bonds in triglycerides, and where are they secreted from?
Lipases or esterases, secreted by pancreas
How are TGAs (triacylglycerols/triglycerides) absorbed into cells?
Digested into FAs (then absorbed) and reconverted into TGAs inside of the cell
Where are re-made TAGs packaged in enterocytes and what are they packaged into?
In the ER, into chylomicrons
What are particles composed of phospholipids and apolipoproteins (proteins that bind to lipids) called?
Lipoproteins
How do chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system and join lymph fluid?
How does this product return to the vascular system?
Via the lacteal, joining lymph fluid to become Chyle fluid
Chyle returns through venous return, supplying tissues with TAGs
Whats the function of lipoproteins?
How do you name lipoproteins?
Transport TAGs
By density - VLDL, LDL, HDL
