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Bio180 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleus

A 
Double membrane
Dna 
Núcleolus 
Replication 
Transcripción 
Pore complexes
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2
Q

Núcleolus

A

Ribosome synthesis
Membrane protein synthesis
Dark spot

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3
Q

Rough ER

A

Translation
Export protein synthesis
Connected to the nuclear envelope

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4
Q

Smooth ER

A

Phospholipid synthesis
Calcium storage
Detoxification

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5
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Múltiple cisternae
Shipping and receiving
Oligosacharide processing
Exocitosis

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6
Q

Lysosome

A

Low ph
Endócitosis
Acid hydrolysis
Digestión

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7
Q

Ribosome

A

Translation
Two sub units
RNA
2 subunits

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8
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Outer cell membrane
Endocytosis
Exocytosis

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9
Q

Vacuoles

A

Unique to plant cell
Up to 80% cell volume
Pigment storage
Hydraulic press

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A 
Outer membrane 
Inner membrane 
Intermembrane space 
Matrix
Electron transport chain 
Citric acid / kreb’s cycle 
Ring DNA
Cristae
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11
Q

Chloroplasts

A 
Outermembrane inner membrane thylakoid membrane 
Intermembrane space 
Stroma 
Chloroplast ring like dna 
Thylakoid space 
Photosystems
Grana 
Calvin cycle
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12
Q

Micro tubules

A

Subunit tubulin
13 strands
Pipe

Rigid 
In elastic 
Dynamic 
Directional                                           Kinesin plus dr
                                                              Dynein minus dr 
Centro some 
Cillia flagela 
Spindle apparatus 
Resist compresión 
Organelle movement 
Cell motility
Cell division 
Hollow tube for compression strength
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13
Q

Actin filament

A

Flexible
Inelastic
Dynamic
Directional

Muscle 
Microvilli 
Contractile bundle 
Lámellopodia 
Cell cortex

Resist tension
Cell motility

Sub unit : g-actin
2 strands helix
A rope

Myosin (plus end)

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14
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Subunit : keratin and others
32 strands
A cable

Flexible
Elastic
Not dynamic
Not directional

Most important in maintaining cellular integrity
Nuclear lamina
Desmosomes
Hair skin horns claws

Resist tension forces
Ties two or more cells together

Not directional / most stable

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15
Q 
Cell membrane 
 Common movements 
Fatty acid chain variation affect fluidity?
Inner v outer membrane 
Integral v peripheral proteins
A

Found in all living cells
Lateral and rotational
Fatty acids may unsaturated creating more space causing them to bel less fluid
Inner membrane and outer membrane are made up of different phospholipids and different enzymes

Alpha helix is protein structure that commonly spans hydrophobic core

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16
Q

Vesicles

A

Help move material such as protein and other molecules from one part of the cell to another

17
Q

Peroxisome

A

Lipid recycling

Peroxides

18
Q

Centrosome

A

Microtubule organizing center made of centrioles

19
Q

Plasma membrane vs cell wall

A

Cell wall rigid structure surrounding the prokaryote

Function maintain shape protect cell percent bursting

20
Q

Gram +

A

A

21
Q

Gram -

A

A

22
Q

Capsule / slime layer

A

A dense secretion of polysaccharides or proteins that form an outer coating to the cell wall allows cells to adhere to surfaces and prevent dehydration
Less dense secretions are called slime layers

23
Q

Prokaryotes

A 
No nucleus 
Contain a nucleoid which contains 1 circular dsDNA chromosome with essential genes 1-10 Thousand bp
Lack membrane bound organelles 
 16s RNA
Replicate via binary fission
24
Q

Plasmids

A

Small circular DNA

Non essential Genes

25
Q

Archaea

A

Extremophiles

High salt / high pressure / temperature etc …

26
Q

Fimbriae

A

Protein based hair like structures used to adhere to surfaces shorter and more numerous then pili

27
Q

Sex pili

A

It’s exactly what you think it is

28
Q

Flagellum

A

Whip like tail structure attached to protien motor on cell membrane

NOT related to eukaryotic flagella

29
Q

Reproduction and adaptation of bacteria

A

Very high reproduction rates (like bunnies) double every 1-3 hours

Endospore formation - some prokaryotes can form a desiccated core with a tough multilayered shell.
Can survive difficult environmental conditions

30
Q

Mutation

A

This is the ultimate source of genetic variation. Caused when DNA strand is changed

Allows bacteria to die off and grow back quickly

31
Q

Transformation

A

Gum on the street NYC buddy the elf

Intake of DNA from the environment for survival! Useful for biotechnology

32
Q

Transduction

A

Genetic recombination mediated by phage infections

33
Q

Conjugations

A

Cellular rape
Using pili two bacteria share plasmids
Dominant bacteria must carry the f factor

34
Q

Genome

A

dsDNA - herpes, hpv, chicken pox
ssDNA - uncommon
dsRNA - uncommon
ssRNA- most ambulant, the cold, COVID, Ebola, influenza, HIV

35
Q

Size of phage v bacteria

A

Phage 4 to several 100 genes

Bacteria 300 to 1000 genes

36
Q

Capsid

A

Protein coat Made from one or a few different proteins
Made up of campsomeres

Package and protect genome material

Helical capsid - rod shape hollow tube
Icosahedral capsid - is well like a ball ish
Complex capsid - everything else

37
Q

Viral envelope

A

Disguise
Lipid by layer that wraps around one or more capsid

Additional protection
Allow virus to exit cell without cell lysis
Cell recognition surface, contains glycoproteins that bind to cell receptors

HIV Ebola Corona

Accessories like reverse transcriptase which changes RNA into DNA

38
Q

Lytic cycle

A

Virulent

Attachment - virus attaches to host pm using spike proteins

Entry- viral genome passes through the host plasma membrane and enters cytosol

Synthesis - ribosomes and polymers from host make new viral parts using virus genome as template

Assembly - viral parts are assembled into a full virus package

Release- leaves the cell by either cell lysis or budding

39
Q

Lysogenic cycle

A

Temperate

1 - attachment

2- entry

3- integration - viral genome combines with host genome where it lies dormant until activated. Known as a prophage

4 - environmental cues such as light trigger prophage

5 - synthesis

6- assembly

7 - release

Bio180 (4 decks)

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