Cells

Question 1

What is the purpose of cytoplasm

Answer 1

It is where chemical reactions take place (catalysed by enzymes)

Question 2

What is the purpose of the nucleus

Answer 2

It controls the activities of the cell and carries the genetic information as genes

Question 3

What is the purpose of the Mitochondria

Answer 3

Release energy for the cell through aerobic respiration (use of sugars and oxygen)

Question 4

What is the purpose of the Cell membrane

Answer 4

Controls what goes in and out of cells

Question 5

What is the purpose of the Ribosomes

Answer 5

Carry out protein syntheses

Question 6

What is the purpose of the cell wall

Answer 6

Made of cellulose. Provides extra protection and strength

Question 7

What is the purpose of the vacuole

Answer 7

Contains cell sap for storage and to maintain the shape of the cell

Question 8

What is the purpose of the Chloroplasts

Answer 8

Contain chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis

Question 9

How do you calculate magnification

Answer 9

Magnification= eyepiece lens mag x object lens mag

Question 10

How do you work out the actual size of an object if you know it’s magnification

Answer 10

Actual size= image size (AIM)
————
Magnification

Question 11

How many micrometers in a millimetre

Answer 11

1000

Question 12

How many nanometers in a micrometer

Answer 12

1000

Question 13

What is the highest magnification of a light microscope

Answer 13

X1500

Question 14

How do electron microscopes work?

Answer 14

It fires a beam of electrons at the object

Question 15

How much can an electron microscope magnify?

Answer 15

X2 million

Question 16

What is an organelle

Answer 16

A small structure within the cell (mitochondria, ribosomes etc)

Question 17

What is classified as eukaryotes?

Answer 17

Plants, animals, fungi, protictista

Question 18

What does something have to have to be a eukaryote?

Answer 18

All of their cells must contain a true neucleus

Question 19

What is classified as prokaryotic

Answer 19

Bacteria

Question 20

What is a cell that evolved before the existence of a nucleus called?

Answer 20

Prokaryote

Question 21

What are the differences between a prokaryote and a eukaryote

Answer 21

They have no nucleus(instead a loose collection of dna called a bacterial chromosome
They may have extra loops of dna (plasmids)
Cell wall
Might have a slime capsule for protection
Flagella for movement

Question 22

How do bacteria reproduce

Answer 22

Binary fission

Question 23

How do you grow bacteria

Answer 23

1. sterilise pipette in Bunsen flame
2. open and take a few drops of the broth culture in the pipette
3. innoculate the agar by placing the broth in the centre
4. Spread the culture on the whole surface
   (Place an antibiotic disk on the plate to see how they affect growth)
5. Seal the lid

Question 24

When growing bacteria what temperature do you culture them at and why

Answer 24

20-25 degrees because you don’t want to grow pathogens that could be potentially harmful to a person (37 degrees)

Question 25

How do small organisms absorb oxygen and nutrients

Answer 25

Diffusion

Question 26

Name 4 specialised cells

Answer 26

Muscle cell
Red blood cell
Sperm cell
Nerve cell
Root hair cell
Leaf (palisade cell)
Fat cell
Eye (cone) cell