Cells

Question 1

What is a unicellular (acellular) organism?

Answer 1

An organism with only one cell.

Question 2

Why do unicellular organisms have to be microscopic?

Answer 2

Food and waste products must be able to leave all parts of the cell quickly. If the cell was large, the food would find it difficult to diffuse quickly into the deepest part of the cell. Similarly, it would take too long for waste products to work their way out which would harm the cell.

Question 3

Name 4 examples of unicellular organisms.

Answer 3

Bacteria.
Amoeba.
Paramecium.
Euglena.

Question 4

Where can you find amoeba?

Answer 4

Ponds and moist ground.

Question 5

What is the nucleus?

Answer 5

Controls all of the cell’s movement.

Question 6

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 6

This holds the cell together and controls what comes in and out of the cell such as food and waste.

Question 7

What is a pseudopod?

Answer 7

These cytoplasmic extensions allow the amoeba to move around and engulf food.

Question 8

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 8

This is a jelly like substance. Chemical reactions occur here such as aerobic respiration.

Question 9

What is a food vacuole?

Answer 9

These are small bags that encloses food in the amoeba. Enzymes then enter the vacuole to digest the food.

Question 10

How do amoebas move?

Answer 10

Locomotion. They move by changing the shape of their pseudopods.

Question 11

How do amoebas eat?

Answer 11

Surround bits of food with pseudopods that form around the food; the amoeba incorporates the food into the cell.

Question 12

How do amoebas reproduce?

Answer 12

Asexually. This means that the parent cell divides in a process called fission and produces two smaller copies of itself.

Question 13

What are cilia?

Answer 13

Hair like structures that act like microscopic oars to push through the water, enabling the cell to swim.

Question 14

What is the oral groove?

Answer 14

Food is swept into this groove where it is digested.

Question 15

What is the function of the micronucleus?

Answer 15

This holds information that the Paramecium will only use once or twice in its life. e.g. Reproduction.

Question 16

What is the macronucleus?

Answer 16

This holds all the information that the cell would need everyday. e.g. Respiration, movement etc.

Question 17

What are multicellular organisms?

Answer 17

Organisms made up of more than once cell.

Question 18

What is a simple multicellular organism?

Answer 18

An organism made up of a chain of similar cells working together.

Question 19

Name an example of a simple multicellular organism.

Answer 19

Algae

Question 20

Where can algae be found?

Answer 20

Ponds and rock pools.

Question 21

What are complex multicellular organisms?

Answer 21

Organisms made up of many different types of cells working together. Complex multicellular organisms can have specialisation. This means that the same types of cell can be grouped together to do the same job. These groups are called tissues.

Question 22

Name an example of a complex multicellular organism.

Answer 22

Humans

Question 23

What is an organ.

Answer 23

Sometimes, different tissues can work together to do the same job. This is an organ.

Question 24

What are animal cells made up of?

Answer 24

Cell Membrane.
Cytoplasm.
Nucleus.

Question 25

What is the nucleus?

Answer 25

This controls all of the cell’s movements.

Question 26

What are plant cells made up of?

Answer 26

Cell Wall.
Cell Membrane.
Cytoplasm.
Chloroplasts.
Vacuole.
Nucleus.

Question 27

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 27

Oval shaped structures found in the cytoplasm. These are filled with a green liquid called chlorophyll. They trap energy in sunlight which plants use in a process called photosynthesis which produces food (glucose) for the plant.

Question 28

What is the vacuole?

Answer 28

Plants have a large permanent vacuole inside them. This is basically a bag containing lots of water and some dissolved salts and sugars. This provides shape to the cell.