Cells

Question 1

Learning objective 1) describe the differences between a prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

Prokaryote 
- single celled
- Cell wall
- no membrane bound organelles
Eukaryote
- multicellular or single cellular
- membrane bound organelles

Question 2

Learning objective 2) name and identify eukaryotic cell structure and organelles

Answer 2

Plasma membrane
- composed of lipid bilateral and phospholipids
- hydrophobic rail and hydrophilic head
Nucleus
- contains DNA and produces RNA
- DNA in chromatin state until cell ready to divide where it coils into chromosomes
Ribosomes
- perform function of protein synthesis
- not membrane bound
- Made up of proteins and RNA
Endoplasmic reticulum
- associated with the manufacture of metabolic substances
- abundant in cells that secrete substances, liver etc
- smooth er and rough er
Golgi apparatus
- er substances in vesicles are sent to golgi to be modified and sorted then sent to other destinations
Mitochondria
- site of cellular respiration
- have two membranes
- contain small amount of own DNA
Lysosomes
- break down molecules in the cell - contain uncleared, pro teases and lipases
- prevelant in macrophages and immune cells
Peroxisomes
- another type of vesicle for breakdown of fats and toxic substances

Question 3

Learning objective 3) describe the major constituents of the extra cellular matrix

Answer 3

Cytoskeleton
- internal scaffolding gives shape and movement
- microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
Polysaccharides
Fibrous proteins
Glycoproteins
Elastic fibres ( lung tissue, dermis, and large blood vessels)
Produced and secreted by fibroblasts
Vital role in differentiation, mobility, growth and survival
- wound healing in cuts -> epidermis
Ecm of bone and cartilage is secreted by Peter lasts in bone and chondroblasts in cartilage ( derived from fibroblasts)