Cells Flashcards
What is the size of a prokaryotic cell?
Smaller than Eu 0.1 - 10 um
Describe features of prokaryotes
No membrane bound organelles
Have a nucleoid - region containing single circular chromosome
Capsule - sticky outermost layer made of polysacharrides
Cell wall
Appendages
What is the function of a capsule?
Sticky outermost layer of polysaccharides.
prevents prokaryotes from drying out
allows the cell to cling to surfaces
List different appendages and their function
Fimbriae - for adhesion
Pilli - for mating and DNA transfer
Cillia - locomotion
Flagella - locomotion
Describe the size of eukaryotes
Larger than prokaryotes - 10 - 100 um
What are the different types of eukaryotic cells
Fungi, Animal, Plant and Protist
Describe the features of fungi
Cell wall made of chitin Multinucleate Experience growth at tips Mitochondria Vacuoles
What is a lipid raft?
A region on the phospholipid membrane of increased acyl thickness (more enriched in Sat Fats, cholesterol).
Function - recruits protein
Is the plasma membrane or cell wall more porous?
The cell wall is more pourous
What is the cytoskeleton made up of?
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
What is the structure and function of a microfilament?
Structure - solid rods of g-actin globular proteins
Function - helps cellular movements (e.g. muscle contraction) and supports cell
What is the structure and function of an intermediate filament?
Structure - twisted protein strands
Function - provides mechanical support for the plasma membrane. NOT INVOLVED IN MOVEMENT
What is the structure and function of a microtubule?
Structure - composed of a and b tublin
Function - maintains cellular shape and guides organelles
What are centrioles made of?
Centrioles - 9+3 arrangement of microtubules.
Play a role in mitosis
What are cillia and flagella made of?
9+2 arrangement of microtubules
