Cells

Question 1

What organelles does a plant cell have?

Answer 1

Cell membrane, nucleus, cell wall, permanent vacuole, mitochondria, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, ribosomes.

Question 2

What organelles does an animal cell have?

Answer 2

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes.

Question 3

What organelles does a bacterial cell have?

Answer 3

Cell wall, ribosomes, pili, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosome/DNA, flagella.

Question 4

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 4

Cells that have adaptations to help them carry out a particular function.

Question 5

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 5

When cells become specialised.

Question 6

What do cells spend most of their lives in?

Answer 6

Interphase

Question 7

What are the stages of interphase?

Answer 7

Gap 1, synthesis, gap 2.

Question 8

What happens during interphase?

Answer 8

The cells grows and replicates its DNA.

Question 9

What happens during prophase?

Answer 9

• Mitosis begins,
• bundles of DNA turn into chromosomes,
• spindles start to move to opposite sides of the cell
• nucleus disappears
• chromosomes begin to align in the middle

Question 10

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 10

• most chromosomes will attach to the spindles,
• one of them won’t be attached,
• when chromosomes are aligned it will attach.

Question 11

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 11

• spindles pull the chromosomes apart,

- they pull the halves to opposite sides of the cell.

Question 12

What happens during telephase?

Answer 12

• membrane around nucleus will start to reform,

- spindles will start to disassemble.

Question 13

What happens during cytokinesis?

Answer 13

-The cell splits into two identical daughter cells.

Question 14

What are some uses of stem cells?

Answer 14

Can grow brain cells (to treat Parkinson’s), can grow bone cells (to treat bone and spinal injuries) and can grow new organs or parts of organs (to treat organ failure).

Question 15

What is some controversy around stem cells?

Answer 15

Human embryos will be destroyed so people think it’s a morally wrong thing to do and some religions object and are against this.

Question 16

How are nerve cells specialised?

Answer 16

• Long axon (carries electrical impulses from one part of the body to another)
• Ends of the axons have synapses (allow impulses to pass from one nerve cell to another)
• dendrites increase surface area (so other nerve cells can connect more easily)

Question 17

What are benign tumors?

Answer 17

Slow and harmless tumors such as warts and moles.

Question 18

What are malignant tumors?

Answer 18

Fast and aggressive tumors, they are mobile.

Question 19

Where does respiration take place?

Answer 19

In the (anaerobic) cytoplasm and (aerobic) mitochondria.

Question 20

What do root hairs do?

Answer 20

They increase the surface area of the root so it can absorb water and dissolved minerals more effectively.

Question 21

Why don’t root hair cells contain chloroplasts?

Answer 21

Because they are underground.

Question 22

What are the organelles of a root hair cell?

Answer 22

Cell membrane, cell wall, permanent vacuole, nucleus, root hair.

Question 23

Where are xylem cells found?

Answer 23

In the plant stem.

Question 24

What do xylem cells form?

Answer 24

Long tubes

Question 25

What do the tubes in xylem cells carry and to where?

Answer 25

Water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.

Question 26

What are the walls in xylem cells made of?

Answer 26

lignin

Question 27

Why do xylem cells have very thick walls?

Answer 27

to support the plant

Question 28

Why do xylem cells die?

Answer 28

Because the walls are sealed with lignin.