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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are all organisms made of?

A

One or more cells

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2
Q

What is a cell?

A

The basic unit of organisms

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3
Q

Where do all cells come from?

A

Pre-existing cells

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4
Q

What are single-celled organisms?

A

All bacteria
Most of the proctoctista
Some fungi (eg. Yeast)

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5
Q

What are the 7 life processes?

A 
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Nutrition
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
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6
Q

What is a cell organelle?

A

A structure within a cell

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7
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell

Contains receptor molecules to receive signals

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8
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

The site of most chemical reactions that take place within a cell

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9
Q

What does the nucleus contain and what does it do?

A

Contains the genetic material and controls the activities of the cell

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10
Q

What is the mitochondria

A

The site of aerobic respiration and the enzymes for this

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11
Q

What are the ribosomes?

A

The site of protein synthesis

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12
Q

What is the cell wall made from?

A

Cellulose

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13
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A

Provide structural support

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14
Q

What does the vacuole contain? (Plant cell)

A

Cell sap

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15
Q

What does the vacuole do?

A

Provides support

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16
Q

What do the chloroplasts contain?

A

Chlorophyll

17
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

The site of photosynthesis

18
Q

Name 3 cell organelles found in a plant cell but not an animal cell

A

Chloroplasts
Permanent vacuole
Cell wall

19
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

A cell with no nucleus (nuclear material lies free in the cytoplasm), a single-called organism, may contain additional DNA in the form of a plasmid

20
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

A cell with a nucleus bound by a nuclear membrane

21
Q

What does it mean when a plant cell is turgid?

A

When water moves into a plant cell by osmosis and causes the cytoplasm to push against the cell wall

22
Q

What does it mean when a plant cell is flaccid?

A

When water diffuses out of a plant cell by osmosis, causing the cytoplasm to move away from the cell wall

23
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

A plant cell placed in a concentrated solution, causing water to move out of the cell and draw the cytoplasm away from the cell wall

24
Q

What is crenation?

A

When a cell is placed in a concentrated solution and water diffuses out

25
Q

What is lysis?

A

When a cell is placed in a dilute solution, causing water to move into the cell and causing the cell to burst

26
Q

Can a plant cell experience lysis?

A

No, the cell wall prevents the cell from bursting, it becomes turgid instead

27
Q

What is haemolysis

A

When a red blood cell bursts due to being placed in a dilute solution

28
Q

How can you describe the cells in a wilted plant?

A

Flaccid

29
Q

Why don’t plant cells burst when placed in a dilute solution?

A

The cellulose cell wall can resist the turgor pressure of the cytoplasm

Biology (5 decks)

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