Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What is a protein?
A chain of amino acids
What does the order of amino acids determine?
The protein made
How many bases code for an amino acid?
3
How many bases code for a protein?
It depends on the protein
How many different amino acids are there?
20
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus of the cell
What happens to the section of DNA that codes for a protein during transcription?
It unzips
What forms on the unzipped gene in protein synthesis?
A complementary strand of messenger mRNA
What happens after the mRNA has formed on the DNA
It peels off and moves into the cytoplasm
Where does translation occur?
In the cytoplasm/ribosomes
What happens to the mRNA in translation?
It moves into the cytoplasm
It attaches to a ribosome
How are the correct amino acid brought to each triplet code in translation?
By tRNA
What does A stand for?
Adenine
What does T stand for?
Thymine
What does C stand for?
Cytosine
What does the G stand for?
Guanine
If an mRNA molecule forms on an A base, what base is formed on the mRNA molecule?
U
If an mRNA molecule forms on an C base, what base is formed on the mRNA molecule?
G
If an mRNA molecule forms on an G base, what base is formed on the mRNA molecule?
C
If an mRNA molecule forms on an T base, what base is formed on the mRNA molecule?
A
What does an A base always pair with?
T
What does a C base always pair with?
G
What does a G base always pair with?
C
What does a T base always pair with?
A
What is a nucleotide made of?
A sugar, a phosphate group and a base
What shape do the two strands of DNA form?
A double helix
What happens to an amino acid chain to make it become an enzyme?
It folds to make a shape in which substrates fit
