Cells Flashcards
Key functions of the cell membrane
Forms boundary, Separates extracellular vs intracellular with phospholipid bilateral containing proteins Some proteins(integral) form a tunnel through the wall which permits diffusion
Water vs lipid soluble materials entering a cell
Water- typically needs to pass through a protein channel (small) or be carried by a protein into the cell
Lipid- diffuse through the cell wall readily. (Eg steroids like testosterone and oestrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and fat soluble vitamins)
Passive
No energy needed from cell
How to speed up diffusion
Heat
Concentration
Smaller molecules
Diffusion
Tendency of materials to spread evenly
Kinetic energy in all molecules, they bounce around!
From HIGH concentration migrate to LOW concentration
Facilitated diffusion
Needs a protein carrier to help get through the membrane
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a membrane
Isotonic
Same concentration as found in cells
Hypertonic
Greater concentration then cell
Cell becomes bloated and burst
Big round
Hypotonic
Less concentration then cell
Cell shrinks
Active transport
Uses energy (ATP) to get in through membranes
Phagocytosis
Cell engulfs large or solid material. White blood cells specialised in the to assist cell protection
Pinocytosis
Cell ingests small volumes of extracellular fluid
Ribosomes
Make protein, for structures or enzymes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Manufactures all protein transported from cell
