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Biology - Topic 1 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

They are complex and include all animal and plant cells.

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2
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

They are smaller and simpler e.g bacteria cells. ( sing celled organism )

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3
Q

What does an animal cells sub-cellular structure include? (5)

A 
Nucleus 
Cytoplasm 
Cell membrane 
Mitrochondria 
Ribosomes
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4
Q

What is the role of the nucleus?

A

Contains genetic material that controls the activity of the cell

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5
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm?

A

Gel like substance
Most chemical reactions occur here
Contains enzymes that controls the reactions

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6
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane?

A

Holds cell together

Controls what goes in and out

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7
Q

What is the role of the mitrochondria?

A

Most reactions for respiration take place

Respiration transfers energy that cells need to work

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8
Q

What is the role of the Ribosomes?

A

Involved in translation of genetic material of protein synthesis

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9
Q

What are the extra parts of a plant cell that an animal cell doesn’t have? (3)

A

Cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplasts

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10
Q

What is the role of a cell wall?

A

Made of cellulose

Supports and strengthens cell

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11
Q

What is the role of the vacuole?

A

Contains cell sap ( weak solution of sugar and salts )

Maintains internal pressure to support cell

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12
Q

What is the role of the chloroplast?

A

Photosynthesis occurs here
Makes food for plants
Contain green substance (chlorophyll )

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13
Q

What doesn’t a bacteria cell have that both an animal and plant cell do?

A

A nucleus

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14
Q

What is the sub cellular structure of a bacteria cell?

A 
Chromosonal DNA 
Ribosomes 
Cell membrane 
Plasmid DNA 
Flagellum
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15
Q

What is the role of the chromosonal DNA?

A

Controls activity and replication of cell

Floats freely in cytoplasm

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16
Q

What is the role of the plasmid DNA?

A

Small loops of DNA
Not part of chromosome
Contains genes for drug resistance

17
Q

What is the role of the flagellum?

A

Long hair like structure
Rotated to make bacteria move
Can be used to move bacteria away from harm ( toxins ) and towards benefits (nutrients or oxygen )

18
Q

What occurs during sexual reproduction?

A

Nucleus and egg fuses with nucleus of sperm — fertilised egg
Egg develops into embryo
Egg and sperm cells contain halve number of chromosomes to a normal cell — haploid
At fertilisation egg and sperm combine — correct number of chromosomes — diploid

19
Q

What is the main function of an egg cell?

A

To carry female DNA

Nourish developing embryo in early stages

20
Q

What is a haploid nucleus?

A

It contains 1/2 the number of chromosomes then a normal body cell

21
Q

What happens to an egg cells membrane after fertilisation?

A

Membrane changes structure to stop any more sperm getting in

This makes sure the offspring results in the right amount of DNA

22
Q

What is the function on the sperm cell?

A

Sperms transport male DNA to the female egg

Biology - Topic 1 (3 decks)

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