Cells Flashcards
What are eukaryotic cells?
They are complex and include all animal and plant cells.
What are prokaryotic cells?
They are smaller and simpler e.g bacteria cells. ( sing celled organism )
What does an animal cells sub-cellular structure include? (5)
Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane Mitrochondria Ribosomes
What is the role of the nucleus?
Contains genetic material that controls the activity of the cell
What is the role of the cytoplasm?
Gel like substance
Most chemical reactions occur here
Contains enzymes that controls the reactions
What is the role of the cell membrane?
Holds cell together
Controls what goes in and out
What is the role of the mitrochondria?
Most reactions for respiration take place
Respiration transfers energy that cells need to work
What is the role of the Ribosomes?
Involved in translation of genetic material of protein synthesis
What are the extra parts of a plant cell that an animal cell doesn’t have? (3)
Cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplasts
What is the role of a cell wall?
Made of cellulose
Supports and strengthens cell
What is the role of the vacuole?
Contains cell sap ( weak solution of sugar and salts )
Maintains internal pressure to support cell
What is the role of the chloroplast?
Photosynthesis occurs here
Makes food for plants
Contain green substance (chlorophyll )
What doesn’t a bacteria cell have that both an animal and plant cell do?
A nucleus
What is the sub cellular structure of a bacteria cell?
Chromosonal DNA Ribosomes Cell membrane Plasmid DNA Flagellum
What is the role of the chromosonal DNA?
Controls activity and replication of cell
Floats freely in cytoplasm
What is the role of the plasmid DNA?
Small loops of DNA
Not part of chromosome
Contains genes for drug resistance
What is the role of the flagellum?
Long hair like structure
Rotated to make bacteria move
Can be used to move bacteria away from harm ( toxins ) and towards benefits (nutrients or oxygen )
What occurs during sexual reproduction?
Nucleus and egg fuses with nucleus of sperm — fertilised egg
Egg develops into embryo
Egg and sperm cells contain halve number of chromosomes to a normal cell — haploid
At fertilisation egg and sperm combine — correct number of chromosomes — diploid
What is the main function of an egg cell?
To carry female DNA
Nourish developing embryo in early stages
What is a haploid nucleus?
It contains 1/2 the number of chromosomes then a normal body cell
What happens to an egg cells membrane after fertilisation?
Membrane changes structure to stop any more sperm getting in
This makes sure the offspring results in the right amount of DNA
What is the function on the sperm cell?
Sperms transport male DNA to the female egg
