Cells Flashcards
What is the structure of the cytoplasm?
- Fluid that fills the interior of the cell
- Jelly like in material and contains enzymes that aid cell metabolism
Centrioles
Found in the centrosome
Rod-like structures
Lie at right angles to each other
Important during cell division (mitosis)
Function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Synthesises and Transports lipids and steroids
Golgi Body - Structure
Stack of flattened sacs found within the cytoplasm
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
- Outer boundary of the cell which encloses the cytoplasm
- Described as semi-permeable
- Covers the surface of the cell
- Cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer
Define cells
Basic structure of all living organisms, cells are made up of lots of different organelles.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function
Transports the proteins that have been synthesised by the ribosomes
Some proteins are not required by the cell, and are exported outside the cell
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure
Appears smooth as it does not contain any ribosomes on the surface
Structure of the mitochondria?
- Have a smooth outer membrane
- Highly folded inner membrane
- Found in abundance in cells that are active in energy consumption
Ribosomes - Structure
-Can be found floating free within the cell or attached to the RER
Explain the function of the cytoplasm in a cell?
- Gives the cell it’s shape
- Supports the organelles within the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure
Appears rough due to the many ribosomes attached to it’s surface
Explain the function of mitochondria?
- Responsible for cell respiration
- Powerhouse of the cell
- Site where energy is extracted from food substances and stored in a form that the cell can use, ATP
- The highly folded inner membrane increases the surface area in which ATP production can take place
What is the structure of a nucleus?
- Surrounded by a nuclear envelope
- Contains chromatin which condense to make the chromosomes
- Contains several nucleoli (which is where ribosomes are made)
Cilla & Flagella
Extension of the plasma membrane, seen on some cells
Cilla found in large numbers on surface of cells
Cilla is responsible for creating wave like motions- this moves fluid such as mucus and debris over the cell surface
Flagella is usually single and longer than Cilla
Move cell along with undulating movements (sperm cell)
What is the function of the cell membrane?
- Controls all exchanges between the cell and its surrounding environment
- Allows certain chemicals to pass in and out of the cell either by diffusion, osmosis or active transport
- Carbohydrates are found on the surface of the cell membrane and they assist with cell recognition
Lysosomes
Membrane bound sacs
Contain digestive enzymes
Responsible for digesting any material taken in by the cell during phagocytosis
Also destroy any worn out organelles and the cell itself when it dies
Explain the function of the nucleus
- The nucleus is the brain of the cell, the control centre essentially
- Controls the cells activities
- the chromosomes in the nucleus are the bearers of the hereditary material and DNA which contain the information needed for protein synthesis
Ribosomes - Function
Site where protein synthesis occurs
Also transports the protein
Golgi Body - Function
Protein modification
More specifically, carbohydrate is added to the protein
Also plays a part in lysosomes formation
