Cells

Question 1

What is the structure of the cytoplasm?

Answer 1

• Fluid that fills the interior of the cell

- Jelly like in material and contains enzymes that aid cell metabolism

Question 2

Centrioles

Answer 2

Found in the centrosome

Rod-like structures

Lie at right angles to each other

Important during cell division (mitosis)

Question 3

Function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 3

-Synthesises and Transports lipids and steroids

Question 4

Golgi Body - Structure

Answer 4

Stack of flattened sacs found within the cytoplasm

Question 5

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

Answer 5

• Outer boundary of the cell which encloses the cytoplasm
• Described as semi-permeable
• Covers the surface of the cell
• Cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer

Question 6

Define cells

Answer 6

Basic structure of all living organisms, cells are made up of lots of different organelles.

Question 7

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Function

Answer 7

Transports the proteins that have been synthesised by the ribosomes

Some proteins are not required by the cell, and are exported outside the cell

Question 8

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Structure

Answer 8

Appears smooth as it does not contain any ribosomes on the surface

Question 10

Structure of the mitochondria?

Answer 10

• Have a smooth outer membrane
• Highly folded inner membrane
• Found in abundance in cells that are active in energy consumption

Question 11

Ribosomes - Structure

Answer 11

-Can be found floating free within the cell or attached to the RER

Question 12

Explain the function of the cytoplasm in a cell?

Answer 12

• Gives the cell it’s shape

- Supports the organelles within the cell

Question 13

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Structure

Answer 13

Appears rough due to the many ribosomes attached to it’s surface

Question 15

Explain the function of mitochondria?

Answer 15

• Responsible for cell respiration
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Site where energy is extracted from food substances and stored in a form that the cell can use, ATP
• The highly folded inner membrane increases the surface area in which ATP production can take place

Question 16

What is the structure of a nucleus?

Answer 16

• Surrounded by a nuclear envelope
• Contains chromatin which condense to make the chromosomes
• Contains several nucleoli (which is where ribosomes are made)

Question 17

Cilla & Flagella

Answer 17

Extension of the plasma membrane, seen on some cells

Cilla found in large numbers on surface of cells

Cilla is responsible for creating wave like motions- this moves fluid such as mucus and debris over the cell surface

Flagella is usually single and longer than Cilla

Move cell along with undulating movements (sperm cell)

Question 18

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 18

• Controls all exchanges between the cell and its surrounding environment
• Allows certain chemicals to pass in and out of the cell either by diffusion, osmosis or active transport
• Carbohydrates are found on the surface of the cell membrane and they assist with cell recognition

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

Membrane bound sacs

Contain digestive enzymes

Responsible for digesting any material taken in by the cell during phagocytosis

Also destroy any worn out organelles and the cell itself when it dies

Question 21

Explain the function of the nucleus

Answer 21

• The nucleus is the brain of the cell, the control centre essentially
• Controls the cells activities
• the chromosomes in the nucleus are the bearers of the hereditary material and DNA which contain the information needed for protein synthesis

Question 22

Ribosomes - Function

Answer 22

Site where protein synthesis occurs

Also transports the protein

Question 24

Golgi Body - Function

Answer 24

Protein modification

More specifically, carbohydrate is added to the protein

Also plays a part in lysosomes formation