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BIOLOGY > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Dutch guy, Discovery and improvement of microscope

A

Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek

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2
Q

Leeuwenhoek coined this term looking at protists in lake water

A

Animalcules

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3
Q

Robert Hooke

A

“Cells”

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4
Q

Hooke was studying this when he coined the term”cell”

A

Cork

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5
Q

Nucleus discovery

A

Robert Brown

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6
Q

Brown was studying

A

Orchids

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7
Q

Cytoplasm & other organelles

A

Other microscopists

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8
Q

Leeuwenhoek’s microscope

A

Single lens

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9
Q

Developed the Compound microscope

A

Joseph Jackson Lister

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10
Q

Number of lenses in Compound microscope

A

2

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11
Q

All plants have cells

A

Matthias Schleiden

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12
Q

All animals have cells

A

Theodore Schwann

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13
Q

Proponents of unified cell theory

A

Schwann and Schleiden

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14
Q

Cell theory (3)

A
  1. All organisms made up of cell/s
  2. Fundamental unit of life
  3. Come from pre-existing cells
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15
Q

Modern Cell Theory

A
  1. Same chemical composition (SPONCH)
  2. Use Energy (ATP)
  3. Contain DNA (duplicated and passed on)
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16
Q

General features of cells

A 
DNA
RNA
Ribosomes
Proteins
Cytoplasm
Cell/Plasma Membrane
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17
Q

Why are cells small?

A

Surface area:volume ratio

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18
Q

Amount of substances taken in and waste taken out

A

Surface area

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19
Q

Amount of chemical activity iver time

A

Volume

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20
Q

Multicellular organisms ______ to increase ratio

A

Change cell shapes

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21
Q

Structures only in Prokaryotic cells

A

Nucleoid region
Capsule
Pili

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22
Q

Slime/ gelatin layer for protection and adhesion

A

Capsule

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23
Q

Prokaryote:
Compartmentalization of chem reaction
REGULATION

A

Internal membrane

24
Q

Adhesion in prokaryotes

A

Pili / fimbria

25
Q

Material exchange through contact

A

Conjugation

26
Q

Organelle responsible for matl exchange through conjugation

A

Pili

27
Q

Only in Animal Cells

A

Centrioles
Lysosomes
Cilia
Flagella

28
Q

Only in Plant Cells

A

Cell Wall
Contractile Vacuole
Chloroplast

29
Q

Channels that allow cytoplasmic strands to extend between adjacent cells

A

Plasmodesmata

30
Q

Clear and gel-like substance of cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

31
Q

Cell wall functions

A

Shape
Support
Protection

32
Q

Where is information stored in DNA

A

Nucleotide sequences

33
Q

Instructions and genetic material

A

DNA

34
Q

Degrade and store

A

vacuoles

35
Q

Space within cristae

A

Mitochondrial matrix

35
Q

Lipid synthesis

A

Smooth ER

35
Q

Hormone synthesis

A

Smooth ER

36
Q

Cell suicide

Burst all lysosomes at once

A

Apoptosis

37
Q

_____ detoxifies Hydrogen peroxide coming from _____ from the process of _____

A

Peroxisome
Mitochondria
Cellular Respiration

38
Q

Contains watery solution of enzymes
Regulates H20 concentration
Keeps cell tough and turgid (in hypotonic solution)

A

Central vacuole

39
Q

Folds in Mitochondria

A

Cristae

40
Q

Chlorplasts are considered as…

A

Plastids

41
Q

Chromoplssts synthesize..

A

Color/pigment

42
Q

Leocoplasts synthesize

A

Starch

43
Q

Stack of thylakoids

A

Granum/Grana (pl)

44
Q

Site of photosynthesis

A

Thylakoid membrane

45
Q

Space in chloroplast

Site of Dark reactions

A

Stroma

46
Q

Cytoskeleton functions

A

Shape
Support
Movement
Highway/Tracks for motor proteins

47
Q

Components of cytoskeleton

A 
Actin Filaments (movement and shape)
Intermediate filaments (stability, resist tension)
Microtubules (highway)
48
Q

DNA strands

A

Chromatin

49
Q

DNA coils

A

Chromosome

50
Q

“Swimmer’s arm”

A

Cilia

51
Q

“Snake”

A

Flagella

52
Q

Centriole pairs

A

Centrosomes

53
Q

Organize microtubules

Affect spacial arrangement and nucleus position

A

Centrioles

BIOLOGY (6 decks)

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