Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO152 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Theory

A

All organisms consist of 1 or more cells, a cell is the basic unit unit of life. All cells come from pre-existing living cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is consistent across all cells?

A

DNA replication, RNA guided protein synthesis, energy transfer and material exchange.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are 4 common components across all cells?

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Small cells with no nucleus and without distinct organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Larger more complex cells with nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what limits the size that cells can be?

A

Larger cells have insufficient surface area to volume to allow adequate movement of waste out, nutrients in and information throughout.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cytosol

A

fluid within laced with cytoskeleton to provide the cell structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nucleus

A

Secrion housing genetic material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Endocytosis

A

The process of transporting molecules into the cell using vesicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exocytosis

A

Process of exporting molecules out of the cell using vesicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fluid within cells that houses organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chromosome

A

Body consisting of DNA and associated proteins with 2 short arms and 2 long feet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Centromere

A

the central section of a chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chromatid

A

1 arm of a chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chromatin

A

The combination of DNA with proteins, makes up chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Euchromatin

A

Areas of lower DNA concentration where transcription actively occurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Areas of higher DNA concentration where transcription does not occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mitochondria

A

The site of aerobic respiration, contains prokaryotic DNA and ribosomes.

19
Q

Cristae

A

A folded surface inside the mitochondria upon which ATP is generated.

20
Q

Ribosome

A

Not membrane bound, consist of 1 large unit and 1 small unit that clamp around mRNA to synthesize proteins.

21
Q

Polysomes

A

Groups of 3-30 ribosomes.

22
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

An organelle attached to the nuclear envelope that is studded with ribosomes and acts as the sight of protein synthesis.

23
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

An organelle attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum that is involved in lipid/steroid synthesis and drug detoxification.

24
Q

The Golgi Complex

A

A flattened stack of single membrane bound sacs that process and package secretory proteins and lipids. it is also involved in complex polysaccharide and lysosome synthesis.

25
Q

Vesicle

A

Sac for packing and transporting substances between the golgi body the outside of the cell.

26
Q

Lysosome

A

single membrane bound sacs containing degrading enzymes like hydrase for the turnover of cellular contents.

27
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Single membrane bound sacs containing the means for breaking down hydrogen peroxide.

28
Q

what are the differences between plant and animal cells?

A

Plant cells also contain a firm cell wall, a vacuole and plastids.

29
Q

Cell wall

A

A rigid body consisting of cellulose fibers and hardening substance.

30
Q

Plastids

A

Membrane bound organelles that contain DNA and develop into either leucoplasts, chromoplasts or chloroplasts.

31
Q

Leucoplasts

A

storage organelles that are classified as amyloplasts, elaioplasts and proteinoplasts.

32
Q

Amyloplasts

A

starch storing leucoplasts.

33
Q

Elaioplasts

A

fat storing leucoplasts

34
Q

proteinoplasts

A

protein storing leucoplasts

35
Q

chromoplasts

A

stores pigments associated with the colour of flowers and fruits

36
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Store green chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis

37
Q

Thylakoids

A

Flattened membranous sacs that make up chloroplasts

38
Q

Granum

A

Stacks of Thylakoids

39
Q

Strumule (singular Stroma)

A

Tubular connections between stacks for exchanging proteins

40
Q

Chlorophyll

A

light absorbing pigments in chloroplasts responsible for photosynthesis

41
Q

Carotenoids

A

light absorbing pigments in chloroplasts responsible for photosynthesis

42
Q

Xanthophylls

A

light absorbing pigments in chloroplasts responsible for photosynthesis

43
Q

Vacuole

A

30-80% of the cell, stores waste and maintains turgor pressure to prevent wilting

44
Q

Tonoplast

A

Single membrane surrounding the vacuole

BIO152 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions